A portable photoacoustic imager for diagnosing vascular diseases

项目摘要/摘要 血管疾病是世界范围内主要的死亡原因。一些常见的血管疾病包括：心脏 血管疾病、中风和外周动脉疾病(PAD)。这些血管疾病中的许多需要点对点 使用非电离、非侵入性和经济高效的方法进行护理(POC)诊断和监测。虽然 多普勒超声满足所有这些要求，它只映射血流，这取决于操作员和 受运动伪影的影响，导致早期发现疾病的敏感性和特异性有限。 需要一种提供血管系统的直接无标记分子和功能信息的POC技术 可靠地检测和监测血管疾病。 摘要提出了一种移动式光声成像仪(MPAI)，用于诊断资源匮乏地区的各种血管疾病。 世界的背景。利用氧合和脱氧血红蛋白的强多光谱光学吸收， MPAI能够提供深血管系统的多参数信息，如血氧饱和度， 斑块、血脂、血流和血块。MPAI是非侵入性的、实时的，并使用非电离光学和 超声波辐射。这将是第一个，也可能是唯一一项能够获得这种技术的便携式技术 不使用造影剂的深血管多参数功能信息。竞争 技术不能提供如此直接的血管健康信息，当然也不能在紧凑的便携式中提供 设备表单。医疗保健提供者可以使用mPAI立即诊断几种影响 所有年龄段的人，包括婴儿。 在R21阶段，Aim1将设计和开发mPAI，将低成本光学照明和 压电微机械超声换能器(PMUT)阵列。来自印第安人的Rundra Pratap博士团队 位于班加罗尔的科学研究所(IISC)将设计和制造PMUT阵列。Kothapalli博士团队将开发出 MPAI及其在AIM 1组织模拟血管模型和大鼠PAD模型上的性能验证 目标2.为期两年的R21阶段的最终目标是实现临床级别的mPAI设备，具有可靠的 血管成像指标。 在R33阶段，为了测试mPAI的临床表现，以下多中心试点临床研究 PAD患者将在1)宾夕法尼亚州好时医疗中心，2)印度维克拉姆医院进行，通过 与IISC团队的合作，以及3)在宾夕法尼亚州立大学Colette Pameijer博士的帮助下于5年级在加纳 世卫组织每年通过宾夕法尼亚州立大学全球卫生计划在加纳举办医疗营。临床研究 只有在R21阶段实现了明确的里程碑时，才会进行R33阶段。 这些研究的总体目标是仔细验证新出现的无标签的临床潜力 光声成像技术，在资源匮乏的情况下，以便携式形式筛查血管疾病 这个世界。

Project Summary/Abstract Vascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Some common vascular diseases include: cardio vascular disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Many of these vascular diseases need point-of- care (POC) diagnosis and monitoring using non-ionizing, non-invasive and cost-effective approaches. Although Doppler ultrasound meets all these requirements, it only maps blood flow, which is operator dependent and influenced by motion artifacts, resulting in limited sensitivity and specificity to detect the disease in its early stage. A POC technique that provides direct label-free molecular and functional information of vasculature is needed to reliably detect and monitor vascular diseases. A mobile photoacoustic imager (mPAI) is proposed for diagnosing various vascular diseases in resource poor settings of the world. Leveraging on strong multispectral optical absorption of oxy- and de-oxy hemoglobins, the mPAI is capable of providing multi-parametric information of deep vasculature, such as blood oxygen saturation, plaque lipids, blood flow and blood clot. The mPAI is non-invasive, real time and uses non-ionizing optical and ultrasound radiation. This will be the first and perhaps the only portable technology capable of deriving such multiparametric functional information of deep vasculature without the use of contrast agents. Competing technologies cannot provide such a direct information of vascular health, and certainly not in a compact portable device form. Health care providers can use the mPAI to instantly diagnose several vascular diseases affecting humans of all ages, including infants. In the R21 phase, Aim1 will design and develop the mPAI, integrating the low-cost optical illumination and piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT) arrays. Dr. Rundra Pratap team from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, will design and fabricate the PMUT arrays. Dr. Kothapalli team will develop the mPAI and validate its performance on tissue mimicking vascular phantoms in Aim 1, and rat models of PAD in Aim 2. The ultimate goal of the two-year R21 phase is to achieve a clinical grade mPAI device with reliable vascular imaging metrics. In the R33 phase, to test the clinical performance of the mPAI, the following multicenter pilot clinical studies on PAD patients will be conducted in 1) Penn State Hershey medical center, 2) Vikram Hospital in India through collaborations with the IISc team, and 3) in Ghana in Year 5 with the help of Dr. Colette Pameijer of Penn State who conducts medical camps in Ghana every year through Penn State Global Health Program. Clinical studies in R33 phase will be undertaken only if well-defined milestones are achieved in the R21 phase. The overall goal of these studies is to carefully validate the clinical potential of emerging label-free photoacoustic imaging technology to screen for vascular diseases, in a portable form, in resource poor settings of the world.