Evaluating Exposure to Unconventional Oil and Gas Development and Childhood Leukemia Risk

评估非常规石油和天然气开发与儿童白血病风险

• 批准号: 10066817
• 负责人: Cassandra Jane Clark
• 金额: $ 4.55万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10066817
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia; Address; Age; Air; Air Pollution; Assessment tool; Attenuated; Birth; Carcinogens; Case-Control Studies; Chemicals; Child; Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia; Childhood Leukemia; Colorado; Complex; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Environmental Impact; Environmental Monitoring; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Fracture; Frequencies; Future; Gases; Goals; Health; Health Policy; Incidence; Individual; Industry; Intervention; Liquid substance; Malignant Childhood Neoplasm; Measurement; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Non-Hematologic Malignancy; Ohio; Oils; Outcome; Parents; Pennsylvania; Phase; Policies; Population; Population Study; Populations at Risk; Public Health; Publishing; Registries; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Running; Standardization; Stress; Suggestion; Water; Water Pollution; Woman; Work; adverse birth outcomes; base; cancer risk; cancer type; carcinogenicity; case control; chemical carcinogen; contaminant transport; contaminated drinking water; contaminated water; design; drinking water; epidemiologic data; epidemiology study; exposed human population; hazard; improved; leukemia; multidisciplinary; novel; population based; public health intervention; rapid growth; residence; risk sharing; skills; sociodemographics; stressor; water sampling; water testing

Project Summary Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD), commonly referred to as hydraulic fracturing, has expanded rapidly over the past decade, leading to an estimated 4 million people living within one mile of a hydraulically fractured well. Despite the widespread nature of the industry, little is understood about the risks and exposures to individuals living near UOGD facilities. Due to the chemical- and water-intensive nature of UOGD, drinking water contamination by UOGD fluids and wastewater and the resulting potential for children living near UOGD to be exposed to chemical carcinogens are major public health concerns. Approximately 30 epidemiologic studies of UOG published to date, including two on childhood cancer, have relied on proximity-based spatial surrogates to ascertain exposure. While proximity-based metrics may serve as useful surrogates for collectively capturing numerous potential stressors of UOGD (e.g., air pollution, stress), their correlations with specific environmental measurements, such as concentrations of water contaminants, is unknown. In the proposed project, we will apply drinking water monitoring and epidemiological data to evaluate exposure to carcinogenic compounds related to UOG and improve our understanding of childhood cancer risk from UOGD. We will use measurements in drinking water samples we collected from >250 residences in Pennsylvania and Ohio to evaluate the relationship between commonly used spatial metrics as well as a newly developed water vulnerability model and drinking water concentrations of carcinogens. We will also examine whether the spatial surrogates are more strongly correlated with drinking water contaminant concentrations with the addition of other covariates, such as UOG well age, depth, and phase of development. Using these traditional and newly developed exposure metrics, we will then conduct a population-based case- control study investigating the association between UOGD exposure and risk of childhood leukemia in Pennsylvania and Ohio. My overarching hypothesis is that UOGD releases carcinogenic chemicals that may increase risk of childhood cancer. We expect that this work will provide important information on the potential health effects of exposure to carcinogenic compounds related to UOGD, as well as evaluate several available methods to assess this exposure. Such information can be used to guide public health policy and inform public health interventions, environmental monitoring, and future studies on UOGD exposure. This work will also support my development as an independent researcher conducting policy-relevant environmental health and exposure studies, with a focus on impacts to women and children.

项目摘要 非常规油气开发（UOGD），通常称为水力压裂， 在过去的十年里，估计有400万人生活在一英里以内的水力发电场内。 断裂的井尽管该行业具有广泛的性质，但人们对风险和敞口知之甚少 向居住在UOGD设施附近的个人提供服务。由于UOGD的化学和水密集性， UOGD液体和废水造成的水污染以及对UOGD附近儿童造成的潜在影响 暴露于化学致癌物是主要的公共健康问题。约30种流行病学 迄今为止发表的UOG研究，包括两项关于儿童癌症的研究，都依赖于基于邻近度的空间 以确定是否暴露虽然基于接近度的度量可以用作用于测量的有用替代物， 共同捕获UOGD的许多潜在应激源（例如，空气污染，压力），它们与 具体的环境测量，如水污染物的浓度，是未知的。在 建议的项目，我们将应用饮用水监测和流行病学数据，以评估 暴露于与UOG相关的致癌化合物，并提高我们对儿童的理解 UOGD的癌症风险。我们将使用我们从>250个国家收集的饮用水样本进行测量。 宾夕法尼亚州和俄亥俄州的住宅，以评估常用的空间指标之间的关系， 以及新开发的水脆弱性模型和饮用水中致癌物的浓度。我们将 还检查了空间替代物是否与饮用水污染物更强相关 浓度与其他协变量的添加，如UOG井年龄，深度和发展阶段。 使用这些传统的和新开发的暴露指标，我们将进行一个基于人群的案例- UOGD暴露与儿童白血病风险之间关系的对照研究 宾夕法尼亚州和俄亥俄州。我的总体假设是，UOGD释放致癌化学物质， 增加儿童癌症风险。我们希望这项工作将提供有关潜在的重要信息， 暴露于与UOGD相关的致癌化合物的健康影响，以及评估几种可用的 评估这种暴露的方法。这些信息可用于指导公共卫生政策， 健康干预措施、环境监测和今后对铀、氧和铀接触的研究。这项工作还将 支持我作为一个独立的研究人员进行政策相关的环境健康和 接触研究，重点是对妇女和儿童的影响。