Precarious Employment as a Determinant of Overweight and Cardiometabolic Risk

项目总结 减少肥胖差距可以大大减少种族/民族的健康差距，这是导致肥胖的主要原因 美国的死亡是心血管疾病(CVD)。因此，重要的是要了解 与白人相比，少数族裔成年人和儿童之间的肥胖率差异 对口单位。“不稳定的工作”，通常以低工资、有限的福利福利为特征， 更短的任期和不规律的工作时间，使就业风险和压力对工人来说是不成比例的 在少数族裔中有代表性。不稳定的工作可能会通过以下方式增加体重指数 多种机制，包括生物应激反应。确定不稳定的程度 就业是超重的决定因素，心脏代谢风险对缩小差异至关重要 在慢性病风险和告知改善美国人口健康的结构性方法方面 这一独立之路奖的拟议工作建立在我目前的研究调查计划基础上 就业状况和条件在超重风险中的作用，并通过在以下领域增加培训来加强这一作用 对实现我的职业目标至关重要：建立一个独立的研究项目，严格地 调查就业状况和条件作为决定#年种族和民族差距的作用 慢性病风险。本项目的培训部分包括课程作业、指导性阅读和职业生涯- 培养活动以获得三个方面的技能：1)因果推理方法；2)压力和心血管疾病研究， 3)种族/民族健康差距。在培训过程中获得的新技能和知识 该奖项的阶段将应用于研究阶段的研究。该研究的研究阶段旨在 对不稳定工作对超重和心脏代谢风险的影响提供新的见解，以及 来研究这些关系的路径。我们将利用三个独特的数据集，两个种族/民族 就业和生物数据互补的不同纵向队列(国家纵向调查 青年和国家青少年对成年人健康的纵向研究)，以及关于工作活动的客观数据 和组织(职业信息网络数据库)，以实现以下具体目标：1) 确定不稳定的工作对成人和儿童超重/肥胖风险的影响程度 并检查是否有任何关联因种族/民族而异；2)确定生物压力 在成年人中调解不稳定的就业与BMI和超重/肥胖风险之间的联系； 3)确定不稳定的工作是否与成年人的心脏代谢风险生物标志物有关 并检查是否有任何关联因种族/民族而异；以及3a)确定超重/肥胖 生物压力在不稳定的工作和心脏新陈代谢风险之间起中介作用。 就业的不稳定是可以通过政策层面的变化来改变的，这使得这成为一个关键的研究主题。

PROJECT SUMMARY Reducing obesity disparities could greatly reduce health disparities by race/ethnicity for the leading cause of death in the U.S., cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, it is critical to understand the systemic causes of disparities in obesity prevalence between racial/ethnic minority adults and children, compared to their white counterparts. “Precarious employment,” which is often characterized by low wages, limited fringe benefits, shorter tenure, and irregular hours, making employment risky and stressful for the worker, is disproportionately represented among racial/ethnic minorities. Precarious employment may increase body mass index through multiple mechanisms including, a biological stress response. Determining the extent to which precarious employment is a determinate of overweight and cardiometabolic risk is vitally important for mitigating disparities in chronic disease risk and informing structural approaches for improving population health in the U.S. The proposed work in this Pathway to Independence Award builds upon my current program of research investigating the role of employment status and conditions in overweight risk and enhances it by adding training in areas that are critical to accomplishing my career goal: establishing an independent research program that rigorously investigates the role of employment status and conditions as a determinate of racial and ethnic disparities in chronic disease risk. The training portion of this project includes coursework, guided readings, and career- building activities to gain skills in three areas: 1) causal inference methodologies; 2) the study of stress and CVD, and 3) racial/ethnic health disparities. The newly acquired skills and knowledge obtained during the training phase of this award will be applied in the research phase of the study. The research phase of the study aims to provide novel insights into the impacts of precarious employment on overweight and cardiometabolic risk, and to investigate the pathways of these relationships. We will leverage three unique datasets, two racially/ethnically diverse longitudinal cohorts with complementary employment and biological data (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health), and objective data on work activities and organization (Occupational Information Network Database), to accomplish the following specific aims: 1) determine the extent to which precarious employment affects overweight/obesity risk among adults and children in the U.S. and examine whether any association varies by race/ethnicity; 2) determine whether biological stress mediates the association between precarious employment and BMI and overweight/obesity risk among adults; 3) determine whether precarious employment is associated with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers among adults and examine whether any association varies by race/ethnicity; and 3a) determine whether overweight/obesity and biological stress mediate the association between precarious employment and cardiometabolic risk. Employment precariousness is modifiable through policy-level changes, making this a critical topic for study.