Precarious Employment as a Determinant of Overweight and Cardiometabolic Risk

不稳定的就业是超重和心脏代谢风险的决定因素

• 批准号: 9763636
• 负责人: Vanessa Marie Oddo
• 金额: $ 8.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-14 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9763636
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Area; Award; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Body mass index; C-reactive protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Characteristics; Child; Chronic Disease; Comb animal structure; Complement; Consumption; Data; Data Set; Databases; Employee; Employment; Employment Status; Ethnic Origin; Food; Fringe Benefit; Glycosylated hemoglobin A; Goals; Health; Hour; Human Herpesvirus 4; Information Networks; Interpersonal Relations; Knowledge; Lipids; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal cohort; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Methodology; National Longitudinal Survey of Youth; Obesity; Occupational; Occupations; Overweight; Pathway interactions; Phase; Play; Policies; Prevalence; Public Health; Race; Reading; Research; Research Training; Rewards; Rights; Risk; Role; Services; Social Policies; Stress; Structure; Testing; Time; Training; Variant; Wages; Weight; Work; biological adaptation to stress; cardiometabolic risk; career; cohort; disorder risk; ethnic diversity; ethnic health disparity; ethnic minority population; health disparity; improved; insight; novel; obesity risk; population health; prevent; programs; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; racial disparity; skills; social; training opportunity; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY Reducing obesity disparities could greatly reduce health disparities by race/ethnicity for the leading cause of death in the U.S., cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, it is critical to understand the systemic causes of disparities in obesity prevalence between racial/ethnic minority adults and children, compared to their white counterparts. “Precarious employment,” which is often characterized by low wages, limited fringe benefits, shorter tenure, and irregular hours, making employment risky and stressful for the worker, is disproportionately represented among racial/ethnic minorities. Precarious employment may increase body mass index through multiple mechanisms including, a biological stress response. Determining the extent to which precarious employment is a determinate of overweight and cardiometabolic risk is vitally important for mitigating disparities in chronic disease risk and informing structural approaches for improving population health in the U.S. The proposed work in this Pathway to Independence Award builds upon my current program of research investigating the role of employment status and conditions in overweight risk and enhances it by adding training in areas that are critical to accomplishing my career goal: establishing an independent research program that rigorously investigates the role of employment status and conditions as a determinate of racial and ethnic disparities in chronic disease risk. The training portion of this project includes coursework, guided readings, and career- building activities to gain skills in three areas: 1) causal inference methodologies; 2) the study of stress and CVD, and 3) racial/ethnic health disparities. The newly acquired skills and knowledge obtained during the training phase of this award will be applied in the research phase of the study. The research phase of the study aims to provide novel insights into the impacts of precarious employment on overweight and cardiometabolic risk, and to investigate the pathways of these relationships. We will leverage three unique datasets, two racially/ethnically diverse longitudinal cohorts with complementary employment and biological data (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health), and objective data on work activities and organization (Occupational Information Network Database), to accomplish the following specific aims: 1) determine the extent to which precarious employment affects overweight/obesity risk among adults and children in the U.S. and examine whether any association varies by race/ethnicity; 2) determine whether biological stress mediates the association between precarious employment and BMI and overweight/obesity risk among adults; 3) determine whether precarious employment is associated with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers among adults and examine whether any association varies by race/ethnicity; and 3a) determine whether overweight/obesity and biological stress mediate the association between precarious employment and cardiometabolic risk. Employment precariousness is modifiable through policy-level changes, making this a critical topic for study.

项目摘要 减少肥胖差异可以大大减少种族/民族的健康差异，这是肥胖的主要原因。 死亡在美国，心血管疾病（CVD）。因此，了解系统性原因至关重要。 与他们的白色相比，种族/少数民族成人和儿童之间的肥胖患病率差异 同行“不稳定的就业”，其特点往往是工资低，福利有限， 较短的任期和不规则的工作时间，使就业风险和压力的工人， 在少数种族/族裔中的代表性。不稳定的就业可能会增加身体质量指数， 多种机制包括生物应激反应确定危险程度 就业是超重的决定因素，而心脏代谢风险对于减轻差异至关重要 在慢性病风险和通知结构性方法，以改善人口健康在美国 在这个独立之路奖的建议工作建立在我目前的研究调查计划 就业状况和条件在超重风险中的作用，并通过在 对实现我的职业目标至关重要：建立一个独立的研究项目， 调查就业状况和条件作为种族和民族差异的决定因素， 慢性病风险。该项目的培训部分包括课程作业，指导阅读和职业生涯- 建立活动，以获得三个领域的技能：1）因果推理方法; 2）压力和心血管疾病的研究， 以及3）种族/民族健康差异。在培训期间获得的新技能和知识 该奖项将应用于研究阶段的研究。该研究的研究阶段旨在 为不稳定就业对超重和心脏代谢风险的影响提供新的见解， 来研究这些关系的途径。我们将利用三个独特的数据集，两个种族/民族 具有补充就业和生物学数据的不同纵向队列（国家纵向调查 青年和国家青少年到成人健康纵向研究），以及工作活动的客观数据 职业信息网络数据库（Occupational Information Network Database），以实现以下具体目标：1） 确定不稳定的就业对成人和儿童超重/肥胖风险的影响程度 并检查是否有任何关联因种族/民族而异; 2）确定生物压力是否 在不稳定的就业和BMI以及成年人超重/肥胖风险之间起中介作用; 3)确定不稳定的就业是否与成年人的心脏代谢风险生物标志物相关 并检查任何关联是否因种族/民族而异;以及3a）确定超重/肥胖是否 和生物应激介导不稳定就业和心脏代谢风险之间的关联。 就业不稳定是可以通过政策层面的变化来改变的，这使得这成为一个重要的研究课题。