Peripheral and environmental factors affecting postpartum mood state

项目总结/摘要 近70%的女性在分娩后的几周内会经历某种形式的悲伤、快感缺乏和焦虑 一个孩子[1]。大多数女性在分娩后的几周内最终感觉好些，但大约10-20%的女性 产后抑郁症（PPD）可能会持续。自杀是新世纪死亡的主要原因之一。 不幸的是，医生可能无法在规定的时间内诊断或有效治疗PPD。 它的出现[3，4]。产后抑郁症的危险因素包括母亲孤立、负性生活事件和低血糖。 社会经济地位或就业，这表明，当母亲没有资源和支持， 她们患产后情绪障碍的风险会增加。然而， 这些产后情绪的变化尚不为人知。众所周知，免疫系统的功能 内分泌系统在怀孕期间和产后会发生显著变化[5]。还有一个戏剧性的 雌性大鼠妊娠期间和妊娠后神经免疫系统的变化[6]。雌性大鼠表现出 在出生当天，通过蔗糖偏好试验测量的快感缺乏与 出生当天脑中白细胞介素（IL）-6的表达[7，8]。当前实验的目标是 确定是否相关的母亲压力，在有限的床上用品和筑巢的形式，可以沉淀 持续性产后快感缺乏与免疫分子、应激激素的显著变化相关 或怀孕激素。这项提议还试图确定与神经活动相关的显著变化， 患有产后快感缺乏和缺乏母亲照顾希望未来的研究模型能结合 PPD的相关环境风险因素，以更好地了解它们对生理，行为和 与产后消极情绪有关的神经状态。

Project Summary / Abstract Nearly 70% of women experience some form of sadness, anhedonia and anxiety in the weeks following the birth of a child [1,2]. Most women eventually feel better in the weeks after birth, but approximately 10-20% of women may continue to experience postpartum depression (PPD). Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in new mothers, sadly indicating that doctors may be unable to diagnose or effectively treat PPD within the timeframe that it emerges [3,4]. The risk factors for PPD include maternal isolation, negative life events, and low socioeconomic status or employment, suggesting that when mothers don't have the resources and support that they need, they are at increased risk of developing postpartum mood disorders. Yet the exact mechanisms that precipitate these changes in mood postpartum are still unknown. It is well-known that the function of the immune and endocrine systems are significantly altered during pregnancy and postpartum [5]. There is also a dramatic change in the neuroimmune system during and just after pregnancy in female rats [6]. Female rats exhibit anhedonia, as measured by sucrose preference test, on the day of birth that is associated with an increase in Interleukin (IL)-6 expression in the brain on the day of birth [7,8]. The goal of the current experiments is to determine whether a relevant maternal stress, in the form of limited bedding and nesting, can precipitate persistent postpartum anhedonia associated with a significant change in immune molecules, stress hormones or pregnancy hormones. This proposal also seeks to determine significant changes in neural activity associated with postpartum anhedonia and deficits in maternal care. The hope is that future research models incorporate relevant environmental risk factors of PPD to better understand they impact the physiological, behavioral and neural state associated with negative postpartum mood.