Impact of repeated vaccination on the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines

重复接种对季节性流感疫苗有效性的影响

• 批准号: 10117192
• 负责人: XIUFENG HENRY WAN
• 金额: $ 72.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-03 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10117192
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age-Months; Antibodies; Antibody Avidity; Antibody titer measurement; Antigenic Diversity; Antigenic Variation; Antigens; B-Lymphocytes; Biological Assay; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; Cells; Conflict (Psychology); Confusion; Disease Outbreaks; Economics; Effectiveness; Ensure; Evaluation; Female; Ferrets; Frequencies; Goals; Health; Human; Immune response; Immunity; Impairment; Individual; Infection; Infection prevention; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza A virus; Influenza vaccination; Knowledge; Lead; Letters; Ligation; Mediating; Modeling; Molecular; Mutation; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Pathology; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Public Health; Reaction; Reporting; Role; Sampling; Seasons; Serology test; Serum; Severities; Specificity; Strategic Planning; T-Lymphocyte; Testing; United States; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Variant; Virus; Virus Shedding; antigen detection; base; cross reactivity; egg; epidemiology study; improved; influenza infection; influenza outbreak; influenza virus vaccine; influenzavirus; male; military health system; pandemic disease; prevent; response; seasonal influenza; seropositive; sex; universal influenza vaccine; vaccine effectiveness; vaccine efficacy; viral transmission

Impact of repeated vaccination on the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines Summary Influenza viruses cause pandemic and seasonal outbreaks that lead to the loss of thousands to millions of human lives. Vaccination is the best option for preventing influenza outbreaks and minimizing their effects on health. In the United States, annual influenza vaccination has been recommended since 2010 for persons 6 months of age and older. However, vaccine performance varies significantly between influenza seasons, and reduced vaccine effectiveness has been observed. Studies have reported that persons vaccinated during two consecutive influenza seasons had lower vaccine effectiveness during the second season than persons who had not been vaccinated during the prior season. These findings have caused profound confusion among the public regarding the potential benefit of annual influenza vaccination. Thus, there is a critical need to address the effect of repeated vaccination–associated pre-existing immunity on influenza vaccine performance. The objective of this project is to characterize the effects of repeated influenza vaccination on the specificity and magnitude of cross-reactive antibodies and on the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines. Two specific aims are proposed: 1) determine the specificity, magnitude, and longitudinal patterns of humoral responses in humans with repeated seasonal vaccination, and 2) test the effect of repeated vaccination– associated pre-existing immunity on influenza vaccine performance in ferrets. By comparing antibodies in persons with and without repeated influenza vaccination, we expect to show whether and how pre-existing immunity achieved through repeated influenza vaccination affects the specificity and magnitude of the cross-reactivity for the resulting antibodies and, thus, vaccine effectiveness. From our studies in ferrets, we expect to show whether and how variations in repeated vaccination–associated pre- existing immunity affect influenza vaccine performance. This study will expand our understanding of molecular mechanisms that may influence how repeated vaccination affects influenza vaccine performance. Thus, this study will provide basic knowledge for evaluating the need for annual influenza vaccination and for optimizing influenza vaccine performance.

重复接种对季节性流感疫苗有效性的影响 总结 流感病毒引起大流行和季节性爆发，导致数千至数百万人死亡， 人命接种疫苗是预防流感爆发和尽量减少其影响的最佳选择。 健康在美国，自2010年以来，每年建议6人接种流感疫苗。 几个月或更长。然而，疫苗的性能在流感季节之间变化很大， 已观察到疫苗效力降低。研究报告说，在两个月内接种疫苗的人 连续流感季节的人在第二个季节的疫苗有效性低于 在上一个季节没有接种疫苗。这些发现引起了人们的极大困惑。 公众对每年接种流感疫苗的潜在益处的认识。因此，迫切需要解决 重复接种相关的既存免疫力对流感疫苗性能的影响。 本项目的目的是描述重复流感疫苗接种对特异性 和交叉反应抗体的数量以及季节性流感疫苗的有效性。两 提出了具体目标：1）确定体液免疫的特异性、强度和纵向模式 重复季节性疫苗接种的人的反应，和2）测试重复疫苗接种的效果- 相关的预先存在的免疫力对雪貂流感疫苗性能的影响。 通过比较反复接种流感疫苗和未接种流感疫苗的人的抗体， 通过重复流感疫苗接种获得的既存免疫力是否以及如何影响特异性 以及所产生抗体的交叉反应性的大小，并因此影响疫苗的有效性。从我们 在雪貂的研究中，我们希望能显示重复接种相关的预 现有免疫力影响流感疫苗性能。这项研究将扩大我们对分子生物学的理解。 可能影响重复接种如何影响流感疫苗性能的机制。因此，这 这项研究将为评估每年流感疫苗接种的必要性和优化 流感疫苗性能。