THE RELAXIN RECEPTOR GR/RXFP1 SIGNALING IN LIVER TRANSPLANT ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY AND THE INFLAMMATION RESOLUTION

松弛素受体 GR/RXFP1 信号在肝移植缺血再灌注损伤和炎症消退中的作用

• 批准号: 10101174
• 负责人: Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-22 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10101174
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Agonist; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antiinflammatory Effect; Attenuated; Autophagocytosis; Binding; Biological; Cell physiology; Cells; Chronic; Clinical; Epidemic; Formulation; Genes; Glucocorticoid Receptor; Glucocorticoids; Goals; Gold; Heart failure; Hepatic; Hepatic Tissue; Hepatocyte; Hepatology; Homeostasis; Human; Immune; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Intervention; Knock-in Mouse; Link; Liver; Liver Fibrosis; Liver diseases; Liver neoplasms; Macrophage Activation; Molecular; Mus; Organ; Organ Donor; Organ Transplantation; Outcome; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perfusion; Pharmacology; Phase; Phase III Clinical Trials; Phenotype; Pilot Projects; Primary carcinoma of the liver cells; Property; Publishing; Receptor Signaling; Recombinants; Regulation; Rejuvenation; Relaxin; Reperfusion Injury; Resistance; Resolution; Role; SIRT1 gene; Severities; Signal Transduction; Solid; Somatomedins; Stress; System; T-Lymphocyte; Testing; Tissues; Transplant Recipients; Transplantation; alternative treatment; chronic liver disease; editorial; experimental study; glucocorticoid-induced orphan receptor; immunoregulation; improved; innovation; insight; liver ischemia; liver transplantation; macrophage; mimetics; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; novel; peptide hormone; preservation; prevent; receptor; regenerative; relating to nervous system; relaxin receptor; response; side effect; small molecule; standard of care; success; tissue injury; tool; transplant model

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), an innate immune-driven inflammation response, is a major obstacle limiting the success of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with end-stage liver disease and those with tumors of hepatic origin. Although significant progress has been made in better appreciation of the liver inflammatory cascade by IR-stress, much less is known about its resolution, which may affect not only the severity of tissue injury itself but also, more importantly, the long-term outcomes. Recent studies document striking cytoprotective functions of hrRLX (recombinant human relaxin-2) against IR-stress in mouse OLT models via hepatocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling; while polarizing macrophage activation via Notch1 promoted IRI-OLT resistance. These experimental findings, supported by a clinical evidence of enhanced GR/Notch1 phenotype needed for IRI resistance in human OLT, prompted to propose that rhRLX may function as a novel GR agonist and glucocorticoid (GC) mimetic in liver transplantation. Pilot studies also point to anti- fibrotic functions of the cognate RXFP1 receptor, a GR-independent RLX-2 binding partner. As the conventional murine OLT model offers a limited translational utility, this project will be dissecting GR – RXFP1 molecular interplay in mice expressing human RXFP1 gene; as well as testing new concepts of RXFP1-driven hepatic rejuvenation of discarded human livers during hypothermic machine preservation. A newly discovered divergent role of GR–RXFP1 signaling axis in the “acute” and “resolution” phase of IRI-OLT inflammation, has prompted to put forth a novel and heretofore untested overall hypothesis, that: 1/ pharmacological rhRLX-induced GR enhancement will rescue OLT from acute IR-insult; while 2/ harnessing GR-independent rhRLX signaling via its cognate receptor, RXFP1, will promote homeostatic/anti-fibrotic functions in the inflammation resolution phase. Two interlocked aims explore this hypothesis: Aim 1: Delineate molecular mechanisms of rhRLX – GR hepatocellular protection in OLT (acute IRI-inflammation phase). Aim 1.1: Test hypothesis that hepatocellular Keap1-dependent Nrf2 signaling is indispensable for rhRLX – GR axis to prevent DAMPs release and innate inflammation in cold-stored donor livers. Aim 1.2: Test hypothesis that SIRT1 enhances GR-induced hepatocyte regenerative functions/autophagy in IR-stressed OLT. Aim 2. Delineate molecular mechanisms of Notch1 / RXFP1 anti-fibrotic functions in OLT (IRI-inflammation “resolution” phase). Aim 2.1: Test hypothesis that Notch1 (macrophage) – RXFP1 (T cell) cross-regulation is essential in the resolution of IRI – OLT inflammation. Aim 2.2: Test hypothesis that the activation of human RLX receptor exerts anti-fibrotic functions in the resolution of IRI-OLT inflammation in humanized RXFP1 “knockin” mouse system. Aim 2.3: Test hypothesis that activation of RXFP1 receptor during hypothermic machine preservation attenuates inflammation and rejuvenates discarded human donor livers.

项目总结/摘要 肝脏缺血/再灌注损伤（IRI）是一种先天性免疫驱动的炎症反应， 限制终末期肝病患者原位肝移植（奥尔特）的成功， 肝源性肿瘤虽然在更好地了解肝脏方面已经取得了重大进展， 由于IR应激引起的炎症级联反应，对其分辨率的了解要少得多，这不仅可能影响免疫系统， 组织损伤本身的严重程度，但更重要的是，长期结果。最近的研究文件 hrRLX（recombinant human relaxin-2）在小鼠奥尔特模型中对IR应激的显著细胞保护作用 通过肝细胞糖皮质激素受体（GR）信号传导;同时通过Notch 1极化巨噬细胞活化 促进IRI-OLT抗性。这些实验结果得到了临床证据的支持， 人奥尔特中IRI耐药所需的GR/Notch 1表型促使人们提出rhRLX可能发挥作用 作为一种新的GR激动剂和糖皮质激素（GC）模拟物用于肝移植。试点研究还指出， 关联RXFP 1受体（GR非依赖性RLX-2结合伴侣）的纤维化功能。与常规 小鼠奥尔特模型提供了有限的翻译实用性，本项目将解剖GR-RXFP 1分子 在表达人RXFP 1基因的小鼠中的相互作用;以及测试RXFP 1驱动的肝细胞凋亡的新概念。 在低温机器保存过程中使废弃的人类肝脏再生。一个新发现的分歧 GR-RXFP 1信号轴在IRI-OLT炎症的“急性”和“消退”阶段的作用， 提出了一个新的和迄今为止未经检验的总体假设，即：1/药理学rhRLX诱导的GR 增强将从急性IR损伤中拯救奥尔特;而2/通过其 同源受体RXFP 1将促进炎症消退阶段的稳态/抗纤维化功能。 两个相互关联的目标探讨了这一假设： 目的1：阐明rhRLX-GR对肝细胞保护作用的分子机制 阶段）。目的1.1：检验肝细胞Keap 1依赖性Nrf 2信号传导对rhRLX不可或缺的假设 - GR轴可防止冷储存供体肝脏中DAMPs释放和先天性炎症。目标1.2：测试 SIRT 1增强IR应激奥尔特中GR诱导的肝细胞再生功能/自噬的假设。 目标二。阐明Notch 1/RXFP 1在奥尔特中抗纤维化功能的分子机制（IRI-炎症 “解决”阶段）。目的2.1：检验Notch 1（巨噬细胞）-RXFP 1（T细胞）交叉调节是 在解决奥尔特炎症中至关重要。目的2.2：检验假设人RLX的激活 受体在人源化RXFP 1“敲入”中的IRI-OLT炎症消退中发挥抗纤维化功能 鼠标系统目的2.3：验证低温机期间RXFP 1受体激活的假设 保存减轻炎症并使丢弃的人类供体肝脏恢复活力。