Neighborhood Environments and Cognitive Decline Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China

中国中老年人的社区环境与认知能力下降

• 批准号: 10092065
• 负责人: Ye Luo
• 金额: $ 6.69万
• 依托单位: CLEMSON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-01 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10092065
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Attention; Biological; Characteristics; China; Chinese People; Cities; Cognition; Communities; Community Surveys; Contracts; Country; County; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Dementia; Developing Countries; Development; Economic Factors; Economics; Elderly; Environment; Episodic memory; Family; Foundations; Gender; Goals; Growth; Health; Health and Retirement Study; Health behavior; Health care facility; Impaired cognition; Individual; International; Intervention; Joints; Knowledge; Literature; Long-Term Care; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Medical; Modeling; National Institute on Aging; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Population Heterogeneity; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Quality of life; Research; Residencies; Resources; Retirement; Rural; Series; Sister; Social Environment; Social Network; Social Problems; Societies; Source; Surveys; Woman; Work; aging population; base; built environment; care systems; cognitive function; cohort; contextual factors; experience; human old age (65+); innovation; longitudinal dataset; men; mental state; middle age; physical conditioning; psychologic; psychosocial; rural dwellers; rural residence; social; social factors; theories

Project Summary Our long-term goal is to better understand how neighborhood environments determine health trajectories across the lifespan of different societies. With rapid population aging, cognitive impairment and dementias have become major health and social problems worldwide, causing loss of independence in daily activities and lowering quality of life in old age. Previous research has demonstrated an association between neighborhood environments and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. However, it is not well understood how neighborhood context contributes to cognitive function. The primary objective for the proposed research is to determine the underlying mechanisms and potential moderating factors in the relationship between neighborhood environments and cognitive function and cognitive decline in middle and old age in a developing country. China is being targeted as a developing country that is experiencing rapid population aging, which has resulted in rising prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The country is also experiencing both a decline in families as the major source of eldercare and a lack of long term care facilities. Further, specific cultural, social, and economic context factors in China that warrant attention when considering the influence of neighborhood environments on health in aging adults will provide a rich landscape for identifying mechanisms and factors that may generalize across cultures. The project has three specific aims: (1) to identify the mechanisms of the effects of neighborhood environments on cognitive decline among middle-aged and older Chinese adults; (2) to determine whether the effects of neighborhood environments on cognitive decline vary by gender, urban/rural residency, and age cohort; and (3) to determine whether neighborhood environments have different effects on different domains of cognition. This project will analyze data from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and other sources. It will measure neighborhood natural, built and social environments using CHARLS’s community survey and other sources and examine their separate and joint effects on cognitive decline. A series of multi-level linear growth curve models will be estimated to identify the mechanisms in the relationship between neighborhood environments and cognitive decline and examine whether this relationship varies by gender, urban/rural residence, age cohort and different domains of cognition. This approach is innovative because it shifts the focus from the establishment of an association between neighborhood environments and cognition to the identification of mechanisms and contexts in this relationship. The proposed research is significant because it can advance our understanding of the specific pathways between neighborhood environments and health in later life. With rapid population aging and overburdened medical care systems worldwide, identifying the mechanisms through which neighborhood environments affect the health trajectories of older people might suggest more effective forms of interventions.

项目摘要 我们的长期目标是更好地了解社区环境如何决定健康轨迹 在不同社会的生命周期中。随着人口迅速老龄化，认知障碍和痴呆症 已成为世界范围内的主要健康和社会问题，导致日常活动中丧失独立性， 降低老年生活质量。以前的研究已经证明了邻里之间的联系 环境和认知功能在中年和老年人。然而，人们并不清楚， 邻里环境有助于认知功能。拟议研究的主要目标是 确定潜在的机制和潜在的调节因素之间的关系 邻里环境与中老年人认知功能及认知功能下降的关系 国家中国作为一个正在经历人口迅速老龄化的发展中国家， 导致阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症的患病率上升。该国也正在经历 家庭作为照顾老年人的主要来源的数量减少，而且缺乏长期护理设施。此外，本发明还 中国特定的文化、社会和经济背景因素，在考虑 社区环境对老年人健康的影响将为识别 机制和因素，可能普遍跨文化。该项目有三个具体目标：（1） 确定邻里环境对中年认知能力下降影响的机制 （2）确定邻里环境对认知功能的影响， 下降因性别、城市/农村居住地和年龄组而异;以及（3）确定社区是否 环境对认知的不同领域有不同的影响。该项目将分析来自三个方面的数据 中国健康和退休纵向研究（CHARLS）和其他来源的浪潮。它将测量 利用CHARLS的社区调查和其他来源， 并检查它们对认知能力下降的单独和联合影响。一系列多层次线性增长曲线 模型将估计，以确定邻里环境之间的关系的机制 和认知能力下降，并检查这种关系是否因性别、城市/农村居住地、年龄 群体和不同的认知领域。这种方法是创新的，因为它将重点从 建立邻里环境与认知之间的联系，以识别 这种关系的机制和背景。这项研究意义重大，因为它可以促进我们的 了解邻里环境与晚年健康之间的具体途径。与快速 人口老龄化和负担过重的医疗保健系统，确定机制，通过 哪些社区环境影响老年人的健康轨迹可能表明更有效的 干预的形式。