X-irradiator for in vivo and in vitro studies with relevance to basic stress sign

用于与基本应激体征相关的体内和体外研究的 X 射线辐射器

• 批准号: 7794276
• 负责人: Albert J Fornace
• 金额: $ 17.69万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-05 至 2011-08-04
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7794276
• 关键词: Accidents; Address; Adult; Advisory Committees; Animals; Biological Markers; Carbon Dioxide; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Direct Costs; Dose-Rate; Environmental Health; Equipment; Funding; Gases; Government; Grant; Human Resources; In Vitro; Ionizing radiation; Isotopes; Laboratory Animals; Maintenance; Manufacturer Name; Medical; Modeling; Monitor; Mus; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Peer Review; Policies; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation therapy; Radiobiology; Reporting; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Resources; Roentgen Rays; Safety; Security; Solutions; Source; Stress; Temperature; Terrorism; United States National Institutes of Health; Visit; Water; base; cost; in vivo; instrument; instrumentation; irradiation; member; neoplastic cell; prevent; programs; research study; response; tissue culture; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application is for the purchase of a self-contained x-ray machine that will be based in the radiobiology program of the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC) and that will be a core resource for members of the LCCC as well as for other researchers at Georgetown Univ. The unit, the XRAD320, is manufactured by Precision X-RAY Inc. (PXI), a leader in this field. Currently, the LCCC has $28.5 million in annual direct costs from NCI and peer-reviewed funding annual direct costs exceed $53 million, and the radiobiology program (MTTR) has $9 million; the majority of this is NIH funding. While numerous research projects and investigators depend on a reliable source for ionizing radiation (IR), the only available unit for over 30 users is a 137Cs source gamma-irradiator* which was purchased with a NIH instrumentation grant 15 years ago. Although it is a useful instrument for many applications, the 37Cs source gamma-irradiator has a variety of important limitations including a small field size (<half of XRAD320 with less uniformity), an insufficient range of dose-rates for some low dose rate experiments, and inadequate capability for temperature and CO2 gas control for prolonged tissue culture studies. Currently, the small field prevents the use of even moderate size laboratory animals, such as adult rabbits, and prolonged experiments with small animals, such as mice, where a reasonable size cage with water and chow is required. Partial body irradiation and localized experimental radiotherapy in animal tumor models can usually only be carried out with a focused beam which can be provided by the XRAD320 and not the current irradiator. In addition, there is a major security concern for isotope source irradiators as discussed in detail in the Advisory Committee on the Medical Uses of Isotopes's Report (NRC 2008-0184), and the long term solution, as outlined in this report, is to replace isotope irradiators with x-irradiators, such as those from PXI which was mentioned in NRC 2008-0184. Our current policy to address security concerns, are to closely monitor all access and irradiation substantially increasing personnel costs for the Office of Environmental Health & Safety. Operating costs are also lower because there are no reloading or decommissioning expenses, plus the equipment requires only a low cost preventative maintenance visit annually. As outlined elsewhere in this application, the XRAD320 will allow for a variety of experiments that are not practical or feasible with the current unit, and that are currently supported by NIH as well as other government funding. The XRAD320 will expand the scope and benefit NIAID-supported studies which are directly relevant to monitoring and responses to radiologic accidents or terrorism. It will benefit a variety of NCI-supported studies into mechanisms of radiation sensitivity of tumor cells, and basic and applied studies supported by NIEHS to develop biomarkers for various types of toxicological exposures. * Due to NRC security requirements for gamma irradiators, the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and total activity of the current gamma irradiator is withheld from this application..

描述(由申请人提供)：此申请是为了购买一台自给式X光机，该X光机将基于隆巴迪综合癌症中心(LCCC)的放射生物学计划，并将成为LCCC成员以及乔治敦大学其他研究人员的核心资源。该设备名为XRAD320，由该领域的领先企业Precision X-Ray Inc.(PXI)制造。目前，LCCC每年有2850万美元来自NCI的直接成本，同行评议的资金年度直接成本超过5300万美元，放射生物学计划(MTTR)有900万美元；其中大部分是NIH的资金。虽然许多研究项目和调查人员依赖于可靠的电离辐射(IR)源，但30多个用户唯一可用的设备是15年前用NIH仪器拨款购买的137Cs源伽马辐射器*。尽管37Cs源伽马辐照器在许多应用中是一种有用的仪器，但它有各种重要的限制，包括小范围的射野(&lt；XRAD320的一半且不太均匀)，一些低剂量率实验的剂量率范围不足，以及对温度和二氧化碳气体的控制能力不足以进行长期的组织培养研究。目前，这片狭小的场地禁止使用即使是中等大小的实验动物，如成年兔子，也禁止对小动物进行长时间的实验，如老鼠，在这些动物中，需要一个合理大小的笼子，里面装着水和食物。动物肿瘤模型的局部全身照射和局部实验放射治疗通常只能用XRAD320提供的聚焦射束进行，而不能用现有的照射器。此外，同位素的医疗用途咨询委员会的报告(NRC 2008-0184)中详细讨论了同位素源辐射器的一个主要安全问题，本报告概述的长期解决办法是用X辐射器取代同位素辐射器，例如NRC 2008-0184中提到的来自PXI的辐射器。我们目前解决安全问题的政策是密切监测所有准入和辐射，这大大增加了环境健康与安全办公室的人员成本。运营成本也较低，因为没有重装或退役费用，而且设备每年只需要低成本的预防性维护访问。如本申请的其他部分所述，XRAD320将允许进行各种实验，这些实验在当前设备上是不实用或不可行的，并且目前得到了NIH和其他政府资金的支持。XRAD320将扩大NIAID支持的研究的范围并使其受益，这些研究与监测和应对辐射事故或恐怖主义直接相关。这将有助于NCI支持的各种肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性机制的研究，以及NIEHS支持的基础和应用研究，以开发各种类型的毒理学暴露的生物标记物。*由于NRC对伽马辐射器的安全要求，当前伽马辐射器的制造商、型号、序列号和总活动量不适用于本申请。