Psychological functions of music in infancy

婴儿期音乐的心理功能

• 批准号: 10238902
• 负责人: Samuel A Mehr
• 金额: $ 4.51万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10238902
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Adult; Affective; Anxiety; Area; Attention; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Characteristics; Child; Communities; Control Groups; Data; Data Collection; Diagnostic; Distress; Ecological momentary assessment; Ensure; Facial Expression; Family; Geography; Happiness; Health; Heart Rate; Home; Human; Human Activities; Infant; Infant Behavior; Intervention; Investments; Life; Long-Term Effects; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Methods; Mind; Minor; Moods; Motion; Music; Natural History; Natural Selections; Parents; Patient Self-Report; Perception; Performance; Personal Satisfaction; Physical Efforts; Physiologic Monitoring; Placebo Effect; Randomized; Recovery; Research; Resources; Safety; Sampling; Series; Signal Transduction; Societies; Stratification; Stress; Testing; Time; Validation; Work; Workload; comparison group; cost; design; direct application; experience; experimental study; follow-up; improved; infancy; infant temperament; minimally invasive; monitoring device; psychologic; satisfaction; self esteem; smartphone Application

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Music is a signature of the human experience. A ubiquitous, ancient, and uniquely human activity, music appears across societies with remarkable diversity and with particular significance early in the lifespan: infants have precocial music perception abilities and are highly motivated to listen to music, while parents often produce music for infants. Why are we musical? What features of music drive its effects on listeners? Can music be leveraged to improve infant and parent health? Human infants are helpless and need parents' attention to ensure their safety. A simple form of music, infant-directed song, may function as a potent form of parental attention. If so, then (1) infant-directed song should share features across all human cultures, (2) infant-directed song should reliably reduce infant distress, and (3) increases in the regularity of parents' use of infant-directed song should improve infant temperament and parent well-being. The specific aims of this research address each of these predictions: Aim 1: Determine the universal acoustical features of infant-directed song across human cultures. Corpus analyses of audio recordings from 100 societies will determine the infant-directed song's universal acoustical features, and experiments in children and adults will determine universals in performance style and content of infant-directed song. Aim 2: Test the short-term efficacy of infant-directed song for regulating distress in infants. With classic methods from infant temperament research, experiments will test infant-directed song's efficacy in reducing distress by randomly assigning parents to sing or speak to infants after distress is induced and testing the latency to recovery from distress. Further experiments isolate the acoustical features of music that produce the largest main effects. Aim 3: Examine long-term effects of parental song on infant temperament and parent well-being. Two longitudinal studies will determine the causal effects of increases in the use of infant-directed song on infant behavior and parent well-being. Infant data will be collected via a new smartphone app administering ecological momentary assessment and parent anxiety, happiness, and self-esteem will be tested via Implicit Association Tasks and self-reports. Impact. This research will create a variety of useful resources for the research community: a new, expanded corpus of music from many small-scale societies; validation of a new, minimally invasive physiological monitoring device for use in infants; a new method for measuring infant recovery from distress; a new video corpus of infant distress induction and recovery; and a new smartphone app for assessing infant temperament in the home. Further, this work will provide the first systematic characterization of the acoustical features that underlie infant-directed song, it will determine whether music is a particularly effective means of regulating infant behavior, and it will determine whether such effects generalize to long-term improvements in infant and parent health. These results will advance the basic science of music and may be directly applied to improving the quality of parent-infant interaction — a key concern for the lives of families with young infants — by leveraging infants' innate ability to perceive music and parents' innate ability to produce it.

项目摘要/摘要 音乐是人类经验的标志。一种无处不在的，古老的，独特的人类活动，音乐出现了 在生命早期具有显著多样性和特殊意义的社会中：婴儿性早熟 他们有音乐感知能力，听音乐的积极性很高，而父母经常为婴儿制作音乐。为什么 我们是音乐剧吗？音乐的哪些特点会对听众产生影响？可以利用音乐来改善婴儿和 父母健康吗？人类婴儿是无助的，需要父母的关注来确保他们的安全。一种简单的音乐形式， 婴儿指导的歌曲，可能是父母关注的一种有效形式。如果是这样的话，那么(1)婴儿指导的歌曲应该分享 所有人类文化的特征，(2)婴儿指导的歌曲应该可靠地减少婴儿的痛苦，以及(3) 父母有规律地使用婴幼儿歌曲可以改善婴幼儿的气质和父母的幸福感。具体的 这项研究的目的是解决这些预测中的每一个： 目标1：确定婴儿歌曲在人类文化中的普遍声学特征。语料库 对来自100个社会的录音的分析将确定这首婴儿指导的歌曲的普遍声学特征， 在儿童和成人中进行的实验将确定婴儿指导歌曲的表演风格和内容的共性。 目的2：检验婴幼儿定向歌唱调节婴幼儿窘迫的短期疗效。使用经典 方法从婴幼儿气质研究出发，通过实验来检验婴幼儿歌曲在减轻痛苦方面的效果。 随机分配父母在婴儿痛苦后唱歌或说话，并测试恢复的潜伏期 苦恼。进一步的实验分离出产生最大主要效果的音乐的声学特征。 目的3：研究父母歌曲对婴儿气质和父母幸福感的长期影响。二 纵向研究将确定婴儿定向歌曲的使用增加对婴儿行为和 父母的幸福。婴儿数据将通过一款新的智能手机应用程序收集，该应用程序负责管理生态瞬时评估 父母的焦虑、幸福和自尊将通过内隐联想任务和自我报告进行测试。 冲击力。这项研究将为研究界创造各种有用的资源：一个新的、扩展的 来自许多小规模社团的音乐语料库；一种新的微创生理监测的有效性 婴儿用装置；测量婴儿从窘迫中恢复的新方法；新的婴儿窘迫视频语料库 诱导和康复；以及一款新的智能手机应用程序，用于在家里评估婴儿的气质。此外，这项工作将 首次系统地描述了婴儿指导歌曲背后的声学特征，它将确定 音乐是否是一种特别有效的调节婴儿行为的手段，它将决定这种影响是否 概括为婴儿和父母健康的长期改善。这些结果将推动音乐基础科学的发展 并可直接应用于改善亲子互动的质量--这是家庭生活的关键关注点 通过利用婴儿与生俱来的感知音乐的能力和父母创造音乐的与生俱来的能力。