Socio-Cultural Stress Profiles, Stress Responses, and Health in Mexican American Adolescents

这一竞争性修订申请考察了2019冠状病毒病大流行如何扰乱正在向青年期过渡的墨西哥裔青少年的日常生活。这些来自移民家庭的低收入新成人是语言经纪人，他们为英语能力有限的父母在语言和文化上进行翻译和解释。2019冠状病毒病大流行放大了他们每天面临的社会文化压力和健康差距。至关重要的是，要了解与COVID-19相关的压力源如何可能改变他们的健康轨迹，因为过渡期（例如，从高中到青年）和环境不确定性（例如，COVID-19）提供了机会，可以研究生命历程中个体差异在哪里变得明显，以及健康轨迹的变化如何形成。在2019冠状病毒病大流行之前从青少年早期到青少年晚期收集的三波青少年数据将与2019冠状病毒病发病后收集的另外两波在线数据联系起来。我们首先研究了COVID-19压力概况对健康结果的影响。然后，我们测试了与COVID-19相关的压力概况如何影响行为和生理上的压力反应，从而影响健康结果。具体而言，对COVID-19相关压力源的适应性反应是否提供了健康结果恢复的途径，而对于那些以不适应方式经历COVID-19社会文化压力源的人来说，情况可能恰恰相反。此外，我们建议测试社会文化压力概况与压力反应对健康结果的关联是否通过各种调节因子加剧或减轻。生理应激反应将通过皮质醇来评估。通过一项为期四天的每日日记研究，研究人员将测量日常皮质醇、睡眠和物质使用对COVID-19相关压力源的反应。最初的墨西哥裔早期青少年样本首先作为中学生进行抽样（第1波），一年后再次抽样（第2波）。R21第一年的目标是在同一组青少年进入高中后重新取样，以测试青少年早期社会文化压力源的经历如何纵向影响压力反应和健康结果。到2020年3月，基本上在美国COVID-19大流行爆发之前，我们完成了拟议的W3数据收集，以实现R21第一年的既定目标。从2020年夏天开始，在R21的第二年，参与研究的青少年将从高中过渡到成年。补充资金将与R21资助的第二年同时发放，这是捕捉新生成人健康轨迹的关键时刻，也是为确定COVID-19大流行对成人健康的长期影响奠定基础的时机。该项目有可能揭示流程和做法，以减少可能因COVID-19导致的墨西哥移民家庭持续存在的健康差距。

This competitive revision application examines ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic disrupts the daily lives of Mexican-origin adolescents who are making the transition to young adulthood. This unique sample of low- income emerging adults from immigrant families are language brokers, who translate and interpret both linguistically and culturally for their English-limited parents. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the socio- cultural stressors and health disparities they face on a daily basis. It is critical to capture how COVID-19 related stressors may potentially alter their health trajectories, as periods of transition (e.g., from high school to young adulthood) and environmental uncertainty (e.g., COVID-19) provide opportunities to examine where in the life course individual differences become apparent and how changes in health trajectories take shape. The three waves of data on adolescents collected from early to late adolescence before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic will be linked to two additional waves of online data collected after the onset of COVID-19. We first examine the impact of COVID-19 stress profiles on health outcomes. We then test how COVID-19 related stress profiles influence stress responses both behaviorally and physiologically to influence health outcomes. Specifically, whether adaptive responses to COVID-19 related stressors provide avenues of resilience in health outcomes, whereas the opposite may be the case for those who experience COVID-19 socio-cultural stressors in maladaptive ways. Further, we propose to test whether the associations from socio-cultural stress profiles to stress responses to health outcomes are exacerbated or mitigated through various moderators. Physiological stress responses will be assessed via cortisol. Through a four-day daily diary study, day-to-day cortisol, sleep, and substance use responses to COVID-19 related stressors will be measured. The original sample of Mexican-origin early adolescents were sampled first as middle schoolers (Wave 1) and again one year later (Wave 2). The goal of the first year of the R21 was to re-sample the same set of adolescents after their transition to high school, in order to test how early adolescent experiences of socio-cultural stressors longitudinally influence stress responses and health outcomes. By March 2020, largely before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S., we completed the proposed W3 data collection to reach the stated goals of Year 1 of the R21. In Year 2 of the R21, which starts in the summer of 2020, the adolescents in the study will be making the transition from high school to young adulthood. The supplement will coincide with Year 2 of the R21 grant, a critical juncture for capturing the health trajectories of emerging adults, and an opportune time to lay the foundation for determining the COVID-19 pandemic’s long-term influence on their adult health. This project has the potential to uncover processes and practices that can reduce persistent health disparities in Mexican immigrant families that may result from COVID-19.