Practical Implementation of an Ultra-rapid FLASH Radiation Therapy Linac Beamline

项目摘要/摘要 TibaRay，Inc.的使命是开发和临床翻译下一代放射治疗技术 用于治疗癌症，这是世界范围内唯一的主要死亡原因，而且在流行中不断增加。 放射治疗(RT)的一个重大进展是增加了其治疗潜力并减少了副作用 在3D中精致地雕刻辐射剂量的能力，以符合肿瘤并节省周围健康的器官。 这是通过从多个方向向肿瘤发射辐射束来实现的，每个方向都有一个 优化的空间光强分布。然而，最快的治疗时间仍然是几分钟长的，受两者的限制 电子直线加速器和用于引导和整形电子束的机械系统中的电子束强度。 最近，超快(&lt；1s)高剂量率(300X)闪光RT在临床前研究中被证明具有高 治疗指数。但目前还没有现有的技术可以在基于光子的临床环境中实现这种疗法。 为了解决当前最先进的辐射传输系统的这些主要缺点，TibaRay 提出了一种全新的RT系统设计方案--多向高能敏捷扫描电子学 放射治疗(相控器)。它基于专利的新技术来生产强度调制治疗 从多个方向发射能量X射线束，无需机械系统引导(即无需旋转机架)或 对处理光束进行整形(即不使用多叶准直器)。这是通过使用新的电子阵列来实现的 每个直线加速器都使用与扩展的韧致辐射配对的磁电子束扫描方案 目标和多通道准直器阵列系统，称为扫描笔阵高速准直系统 强度调制X射线源(狮身人面像)。在相控器中使用的每一种新型直线加速器都要高效得多 将产生比传统医用直线加速器更多的光束。在全相位器设计中，据估计 治疗时间可缩短至1s，有效冻结生理运动。新型加速器技术 使用简单得多的制造技术，相位器的生产成本预计约为 与当前最先进的系统相同，维护/停机成本应该更低。 对移相器所需的子系统进行了初步的原理论证和设计仿真 已在第一阶段进行。在第二阶段，TibaRay与斯坦福大学系合作 放射肿瘤部将首先优化、建造和测试具有最大功率的单一完整光束线。 然后，我们将构建并测试一个双光束移相器原型，以演示完全的快速射频切换能力。 这些测试将用于降低系统的主要工作组件的风险，并将使进展迅速 走向商业化和临床翻译。 我们的新技术将有助于满足全球对高质量、高成本效益的放射治疗的巨大需求。 治疗癌症。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The mission of TibaRay, Inc. is to develop and clinically translate next-generation radiation therapy technologies for the treatment of cancer, the single leading cause of death worldwide and increasing epidemically. A major advance in radiation therapy (RT) that has increased its curative potential and decreased side effects is the ability to sculpt radiation doses exquisitely in 3D to conform to tumors and spare surrounding healthy organs. This is achieved by delivering radiation beams to the tumor from multiple directions, each of which has an optimized spatial intensity distribution. However, the fastest treatment times are still minutes long, limited by both beam intensities in electron linacs and the mechanical systems that are used to direct and shape the beams. Recently, ultra-fast (<1s) high dose rate (300X) FLASH-RT has proven in pre-clinical studies to have high therapeutic index. But there is no existing technology to enable this therapy in the clinical, photon-based setting. To address these major shortcomings of current state-of-the-art radiation delivery systems, TibaRay has proposed a radical new design for RT systems, Pluridirectional High-energy Agile Scanning Electronic Radiotherapy (PHASER). It is based on patented, novel technologies to produce intensity-modulated therapeutic energy x-ray beams from multiple directions using no mechanical systems to direct (i.e. no rotating gantry) or shape the treatment beams (i.e. no mulit-leaf collimator). This is achieved by using an array of novel electron linacs each of which uses a magnetic electron beam scanning scheme paired with an extended bremsstrahlung target and multi-channel collimator array system referred to as Scanning Pencil-array-collimated High Speed Intensity-modulated X-ray source (SPHINX). Each of the novel linacs used in PHASER are far more efficient and will generate more beam than conventional medical linacs. In the full PHASER design, it is estimated that the treatment time can be reduced to <1s, effectively freezing physiological motion. The novel accelerator technology uses much simpler manufacturing techniques and production costs for PHASER are projected to be about the same as current state-of-the-art systems and maintenance/downtime costs should be lower. Initial proof of principle for the subsystems needed for PHASER have been demonstrated and design simulations have been performed in Phase 1. In Phase II, TibaRay, in partnership with the Stanford University Department of Radiation Oncology will optimize, build and test at first a single complete beam line with full maximum power. Then we will build and test a two-beam PHASER prototype to demonstrate the full rapid RF switching capability. These tests will be used to de-risk the primary working components of the system and will enable swift progress towards commercialization and clinical translation. Our novel technology will help fill a tremendous worldwide need for high-quality, cost-effective radiation therapy for cancer.