Evaluation of the Youth-centered Environmental Shift (YES!) Program to reduce sexual violence in middle schools

项目概要/摘要 性暴力的代价和后果是巨大的，需要采取初级预防措施。更 在美国，超过5200万女性（43.6%）和2700万男性（24.8%）经历过某种形式的性暴力。 包括强奸、性胁迫和/或不想要的性接触。青春期是一个关键时期 第一次遭受性暴力的比例为40%，因为有强奸史的妇女第一次遭受性暴力是在18岁之前。 这些经历会对健康产生终身的负面影响。大多数性暴力预防计划 这是为青春期中后期或大学生开发的，因为这是性暴力最普遍的时期。 然而，预防青少年性暴力的有效干预措施很少， 充分的证据，以个人为中心，资源密集。华盛顿州新的以青年为中心的 环境变迁（YES！）该计划由华盛顿公共教育监督办公室开发 是基于在整个学校社区一级预防性暴力的最佳证据。 总目标是YES！是在中学里创造一种文化， 身体安全，得到支持，没有虐待，特别是性暴力。该计划的重点是防止 性暴力之前，它开始，并提供一个全校范围内的计划，是有效的，可扩展到其他 学校是的！是的！将于2020年在华盛顿的中学进行试点， 服务区在华盛顿，服务44个学区。通过与国家机构建立强有力的伙伴关系， 我们建议的研究主要包括两个部分。首先（组件A），我们将构建系统级 有能力有效地审查YES！在三所试点中学，建立协作 收集学生和教职员敏感数据的系统，并评估 是的！是的！飞行员第二（组件B），我们将扩大我们的评估过程，以更多的学校，以严格评估 无论是YES！减少暴力受害和实施，对风险和保护因素产生影响 与性暴力有关，如果可行的话，是的！to be sustained持续and further进一步scaled扩大.我们将使用 一种以实践为基础的方法，在整个研究过程中让教育合作伙伴和学校工作人员参与， 提高我们的方法，解释，研究应用和翻译实践的成功。在这 第二部分，我们将采用分组随机设计，随机分配中学， 是的！是的！规划或继续开展预防性暴力的“惯例”。该设计将用于 严格评估YES！性暴力的结果。通过调查收集的数据， 在这项研究的整个五年中， 将支持一个全面的理解是否，为什么，以及如何是！它的理论是 变化它还将提供关键证据，说明学校一级的预防战略是否有效。 性暴力和支持实施广泛采用的性暴力初级预防干预措施。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Sexual violence has overwhelming costs and consequences that necessitate primary prevention solutions. More than 52 million women (43.6%) and 27 million men (24.8%) in the U.S. experience some form of sexual violence in their lifetime including rape, sexual coercion, and/or unwanted sexual contact. Adolescence is a critical time for first experiencing sexual violence, as 40% of women with a history of rape first experienced it before age 18. These experiences have lifelong negative health consequences. Most sexual violence prevention programs have been developed for mid- to late-adolescence or for college students, when sexual violence is most prevalent. Yet, effective interventions to prevent sexual violence among adolescents and before it occurs are rare, lack adequate evidence, are individual-focused, and are resource intensive. Washington State's new Youth-centered Environmental Shift (YES!) program, developed by the Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction is based on the best available evidence for preventing sexual violence at the level of a whole school community. The overall goal of YES! is to create a culture within middle schools where students are emotionally and physically safe, supported, and free of abuse, specifically sexual violence. The program is focused on preventing sexual violence before it begins and providing a school-wide program that is effective and scalable to other schools. YES! will be piloted in Washington middle schools in 2020 through collaboration with one Educational Service District in Washington, serving 44 school districts. Through strong partnerships with state agencies and schools, the study we propose will have two main components. First (Component A), we will build system-level capacity to effectively examine the impact of YES! in the three pilot middle schools, establish collaborative systems for collecting sensitive data from students and staff, and assess the feasibility and acceptability of the YES! pilot. Second (Component B), we will expand our evaluation process to more schools to rigorously evaluate whether YES! reduces violence victimization and perpetration, has an impact on the risk and protective factors associated with sexual violence, and if it is feasible for YES! to be sustained and further scaled-up. We will use a practice-based approach that engages education partners and school personnel throughout our study, to improve the success of our approaches, interpretations, study applications, and translation to practice. In this second component we will use a group randomized design, randomly assigning middle schools to initiate the YES! program or proceed with their `usual practice' around sexual violence prevention. This design will be used to rigorously evaluate the impact of YES! on sexual violence outcomes. Data collected through surveys and focus groups of middle school students and staff at multiple points in times over the full five years of this study will support a holistic understanding of whether, why, and how the YES! works with respect to its theory of change. It will also provide critical evidence regarding the effectiveness of school-level strategies to prevent sexual violence and support implementation of broadly adopted sexual violence primary prevention interventions.