Direct and Transthalamic Pathways between Primary and Secondary Visual Cortex

初级和次级视觉皮层之间的直接和经丘脑通路

• 批准号: 10266777
• 负责人: Claire J McKinnon
• 金额: $ 4.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-29 至 2022-09-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10266777
• 关键词: Abbreviations; Affect; Animals; Area; Arousal; Attention; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Brain region; Cannulas; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Clozapine; Cognitive deficits; Communication; Complex; Data; Disease; Drug Receptors; Electrophysiology (science); Enterobacteria phage P1 Cre recombinase; Experimental Designs; Genetic; Goals; Image; Individual; Lateral Geniculate Body; Light; Link; Measures; Mental disorders; Methodology; Motor output; Mus; Nature; Neuraxis; Neurons; Output; Oxides; Pathway interactions; Play; Population; Population Dynamics; Property; Pulvinar structure; Research; Role; Scanning; Scheme; Schizophrenia; Science; Secondary to; Sensory; Somatosensory Cortex; Source; Stimulus; Structure; System; Thalamic Nuclei; Thalamic structure; Transgenic Mice; V2 neuron; Viral Vector; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; area striata; awake; base; density; designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs; experimental study; graph theory; heuristics; in vivo; insight; neuronal circuitry; receptive field; response; retrograde transport; selective expression; single cell analysis; tool; two-photon; visual stimulus

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT While the thalamus' role in relaying sensory information to the cortex is well established, much less is known about its role in ongoing cortical processing. The majority of the thalamus by volume is made up of higher- order (HO) thalamic nuclei, which appear to actively contribute to functions that are traditionally attributed to the cortex alone, including attention [3]–[10]. HO thalamic nuclei receive their main driving input from cortex and are hypothesized to form critical cortical-thalamo-cortical or transthalamic circuits that provide indirect links between cortical areas. Indeed, it appears cortical areas are often connected by parallel direct and transthalamic pathways [1]. Despite an increased appreciation for the significance of thalamalcortical interactions, it is still not clear what the nature of the information carried by each pathway is, or what the purpose of this parallel pathway organization is. The goal of the proposed in vivo experiments is to determine the relative contribution of the direct and transthalamic pathways from V1 to V2 on responses in V2. To do so, we use DREADD methodology to selectively target and suppress each source of input from V1 while using Ca2+ imaging to record visually evoked activity in large populations of V2 neurons before and after inactivation. The effects of these manipulations are investigated at both the single-cell and systems level. While research on corticocortical communication has primarily focused on direct projections, the information conveyed by these direct pathways also remains unclear. For example, previous attempts to define the function of the direct input from V1 to V2 relied on total suppression of V1, which would reduce all V1 outputs including transthalamic pathways. In the visual system, the HO thalamic nuclei Pulvinar appears to facilitate the transfer of information between cortical areas [35], possibly by altering functional connectivity both within and between brain regions [53,54,58,59]. HO thalamic nuclei have also been linked to deficits associated with a number of psychiatric disorders. For example, atypical corticocortical communication via transthalamic circuitry is hypothesized to contribute to sensory processing deficits associated with disorders such as schizophrenia [22,25]. Thus, the results of the proposed experiments will provide insight into the flow of information processioning in the central nervous system and may reveal circuit-level context for interpreting cognitive deficits associated with HO thalamic nuclei, such as those seen in Schizophrenia.

项目摘要/摘要 虽然丘脑将感觉信息传递到大脑皮层的作用已经得到了很好的证实，但人们对此知之甚少 关于它在正在进行的大脑皮层处理中的作用。按体积计算，丘脑的大部分由更高级的- 有序(HO)丘脑核团，它们似乎积极参与传统上被归因于 单独的大脑皮质，包括注意力[3]-[10]。丘脑核团接受皮层的主要驱动输入 并假设形成关键的皮质-丘脑-皮质或跨丘脑回路，提供间接的 大脑皮层区域之间的联系。事实上，皮质区似乎经常通过平行的直接和 跨丘脑通路[1]。尽管人们越来越多地认识到丘脑皮质的重要性 相互作用，仍然不清楚每条路径携带的信息的性质是什么，或者 这种平行路径组织的目的是。拟议中的活体实验的目标是确定 从V1到V2的直接通路和跨丘脑通路对V2反应的相对贡献。要做到这一点， 我们使用DREADD方法选择性地锁定和抑制来自V1的每个输入源，同时使用钙离子 成像记录大量V2神经元在失活前后的视觉诱发活动。这个 这些操作的影响是在单细胞和系统两个层面上研究的。在研究的同时 皮质沟通主要集中在直接投射上，这些投射所传达的信息 直接途径也尚不清楚。例如，先前试图定义直接输入的功能 从V1到V2依赖于V1的完全抑制，这将减少包括跨丘脑在内的所有V1的输出 小路。在视觉系统中，HO丘脑枕核似乎促进了 皮质区域之间的信息[35]，可能通过改变内部和之间的功能连接 脑区[53，54，58，59]。HO丘脑核团也被认为与许多与 精神障碍。例如，通过跨丘脑回路的非典型皮质通讯是 假设导致与精神分裂症等疾病相关的感觉处理缺陷 [22，25]。因此，拟议的实验结果将提供对信息流的洞察 中枢神经系统中的加工过程，并可能揭示解释认知的电路水平背景 与HO丘脑核团相关的缺陷，如精神分裂症患者。