Sleep Regulation and Function in Early Brain Development

发育早期的睡眠对大脑的成熟起着至关重要的作用。然而，调节早期发育性睡眠的神经回路和机制还不是很清楚。此外，由于缺乏易于处理的模型系统，对睡眠在神经发育最早阶段的功能的研究一直受到限制。在这里，我建议使用果蝇幼虫作为一个平台来解剖调节早期发育睡眠的回路。我们的实验室已经在有限的种群中进行了神经元激活筛选，以确定驱动果蝇幼虫睡眠的神经元亚群。我将描述这个屏幕中识别出的促进睡眠的神经元的特征，并确定这些神经元释放的促进睡眠的因子。然后，我将评估已识别的促进睡眠的神经元与已知的促进觉醒的章鱼胺神经元的连接性，以深入了解睡眠的逻辑：早期发育过程中的觉醒调节。利用永生遗传学，我将标记促进睡眠的神经元，以确定它们在成人大脑中的命运和功能。我们之前的工作已经证明，早年睡眠不足会损害神经增殖。然而，目前尚不清楚发育过程中睡眠不足如何影响成人大脑的模式。我将研究早期睡眠剥夺对蘑菇体(MB)发育的影响，蘑菇体是一个具有良好特征的昆虫学习中心。我将确定睡眠剥夺如何改变MB的结构和功能，并进一步评估对成年果蝇MB依赖学习范式的影响。最后，我将进行RNA-SEQ，以确定与睡眠和神经增殖相关的新基因。总之，拟议的实验将识别调节发育计时睡眠的电路，并提供对睡眠在神经发育的早期阶段的功能的洞察。

Sleep during early developmental periods plays a critical role in brain maturation. However, the neural circuits and mechanisms regulating early developmental sleep are not well understood. Furthermore, investigations into the function of sleep during the earliest stages of neural development have been restricted by the lack of a tractable model system. Here, I propose using Drosophila larvae as a platform for dissecting the circuits regulating early developmental sleep. Our lab has performed a neuronal activation screen in restricted populations to determine subsets of neurons that drive sleep in Drosophila larvae. I will characterize sleep- promoting neurons identified in this screen and determine the sleep-promoting factors released by these neurons. I will then assess the connectivity of identified sleep-promoting neurons with known wake-promoting octopamine neurons to gain insight into the logic of sleep:wake regulation during early development. Using immortalization genetics, I will label sleep-promoting neurons to determine their fate and function in the adult brain. Our previous work has demonstrated that early-life sleep deprivation impairs neural proliferation. However, it is unclear how sleep-deprivation during development affects patterning of the adult brain. I will examine the effects of early-life sleep deprivation on the development of the Mushroom Body (MB), a well- characterized insect learning center. I will determine how structure and function of the MB are altered by sleep deprivation, and further assess the effects on a MB-dependent learning paradigm in adult flies. Finally, I will perform RNA-seq to identify novel genes coupling sleep and neural proliferation. Together, the proposed experiments will identify circuits regulating developmentally-timed sleep and provide insight into the function of sleep in the earliest stages of neural development.