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Unlocking evolutionarily latent immune functions for treating disease

解锁进化上潜在的免疫功能来治疗疾病

基本信息

批准号：
10240664
负责人：
Brenda L. Bass
金额：
$ 114.83万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10240664
关键词：
ADAR1 Affect Animal Model Animals Antiviral Agents Antiviral Response Autoimmunity Binding Biochemical Biochemistry Biological Biological Assay Biological Process Caenorhabditis elegans Candidate Disease Gene Cell Death Cells Chemicals Communicable Diseases Complement Conflict (Psychology)Detection Disease Double-Stranded RNA Engineering Enzymes Epitopes Evaluation Evolution Experimental Models Family Future Genes Genetic Genome Goals Hand Homologous Gene Immune Immune response Immunity Immunoprecipitation Immunotherapy In Vitro Innate Immune Response Interferons Intervention Invaded Invertebrates Knowledge Logic Malignant Neoplasms Mammalian Cell Mammals Masks Mediating Medical Molecular Molecular Biology Monitor Mouse Cell Line Mus Orthologous Gene Outcome Pathway interactions Pattern Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Phosphorylation Phylogenetic Analysis Population Proteins RNA RNA Interference RNA-Directed RNA Polymerase Recording of previous events Reporting Role Sampling Scientist Signal Transduction Source Specificity Structure Substrate Specificity Testing Vertebrates Viral Virus Work arm base checkpoint modulation comparative design ds RNA-Binding Proteins dsRNA adenosine deaminase experimental study immune function innate immune checkpoint innate immune pathways innovation insight member prevent response sensor theories therapy outcome tripolyphosphate tumor tumorigenesis

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract All animals possess a robust innate immune response that depends on their ability to recognize viral double- stranded RNA (dsRNA) as foreign. Yet, animal cells also encode and express dsRNA, and this cellular dsRNA must be distinguished as “self” to prevent an aberrant immune response. Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA, or ADARs, deaminate dsRNA to mark it as self and prevent an aberrant immune response. In this capacity ADARs serve as an ”Innate Immune Checkpoint” (IIC), and recent studies reveal that a decrease in ADAR activity in tumors releases this IIC, eliciting an immune response that leads to cell death. ADARs are the only IIC known to date, and proposed studies are designed to fill this gap in knowledge towards the goal of new immunotherapies. Comparative phylogenetic analyses will be complemented with molecular biology and biochemistry experiments to identify mitigators, such as ADARs, that prevent inappropriate deployment of antiviral defense, and ancient incompatibilities, such as invertebrate proteins that may activate an antiviral response when introduced into vertebrates. Experiments in mammalian cells and mice, and the invertebrate model organism, C. elegans, will provide a wide phylogenetic sampling to identify, test, and compare new IICs. Engineered mice and cell lines are in hand, and established assays are in place, to monitor effects on the immune pathway of both animals. Known dsRNA binding proteins, as well as those identified by immunoprecipitation strategies, will be prioritized by phylogenetic assays for testing as IICs. In vitro biochemistry experiments, and structural analyses, will guide subsequent rounds of phylogenetic comparisons. Mammalian ADAR1 p150 prevents an interferon response by modulating the MDA5 arm of the vertebrate innate immune pathway, and IICs for the RIG-I arm have not been reported. Strategies to identify IICs for the RIG-I arm will focus on enzymes known to modify the 5' terminus of RNA, a known epitope for RIG-I recognition. The culmination of proposed studies will be the evaluation of candidate IICs in experimental models of tumorigenesis.

项目总结/文摘