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The good, the bad, and the different: Understanding stigma towards people with facial differences

好的、坏的和不同的：了解对具有面部差异的人的耻辱

基本信息

批准号：
10241434
负责人：
CLIFFORD I. WORKMAN
金额：
$ 7.34万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-09 至 2022-09-08
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10241434
关键词：
Address Affect Anterior Attitude Beauty Behavior Behavioral Biological Markers Cicatrix Cleft Lip Cleft Palate Communities Cues Databases Decision Making Dehumanization Development Discrimination Dorsal Down-Regulation Economics Emotional Emotions Empathy Environment Exposure to Face Facial Expression Feeling Female Fostering Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gender Health Heart Informal Social Control Intervention Intuition Judgment Knowledge Lateral Lesion Link Localized Lesion Measures Medial Meta-Analysis Methods Minor Modeling Morality Morals Nature Participant Patients Pattern Pennsylvania Personal Attribute Persons Phase Play Port-Wine Stain Prefrontal Cortex Research Research Personnel Shapes Shoulder Signal Transduction Stereotyping Sum Testing Training Universities anti social base behavioral economics career cingulate cortex experience focal brain damage functional MRI scan healthy volunteer implicit bias male maltreatment movie neural correlate neurobehavioral neuroeconomics neuroimaging novel strategies operation outreach pathogen exposure preference psychologic recruit relating to nervous system response social social stigma volunteer

项目摘要

The good, the bad, and the different: Understanding stigma towards people with facial differences Project Summary / Abstract Movie villains are more likely than heroes to be depicted with facial anomalies (e.g., warts, scars), suggesting filmmakers exploit intuitions that beauty and morality are related when creating villains. This observation raises questions about the nature of this relationship: Are the facially different judged more harshly for moral wrongs? Do they benefit less often from generosity? Is their mistreatment predicted by observers’ prosocial (e.g., empathic concern) or antisocial (e.g., disgust) emotional responses to them, since such emotions are known to influence moral behavior in different ways? Or by dispositions that shape values relating to morality? Or by the neural response to seeing facial anomalies? We recently found evidence for a “different-is-bad” bias against people with facial anomalies that was linked to a neural marker of dehumanization (i.e., deactivation in medial prefrontal cortex; mPFC). Facial anomalies may incorrectly signal poor health despite being unrelated to an underlying illness, leading to feelings of disgust capable of motivating dehumanizing behaviors. This account is consistent with recent evolutionary models of disgust suggesting it serves to limit pathogen exposure and to regulate moral behavior. A recent meta-analysis found little to no effect of disgust on sociomoral judgments, however, suggesting disgust alone cannot explain the different-is-bad bias. If this bias is causally related to dehumanization, which manifests behaviorally as inhumane or cold treatment towards others, then its presence should predict more antisociality and/or less prosociality directed at the facially different. The aims of this project are: 1. To quantify dehumanizing behavior towards people with facial differences using behavioral economic games. 2. To determine whether dehumanizing behavior is predicted by mPFC deactivation. 3. To establish the necessity of the mPFC in giving rise to dehumanizing behavior using the lesion method. After acquiring and norming photographs of faces with and without anomalies, a study will be carried out in which participants will play economic games, purportedly with the people depicted in the photographs, during fMRI scanning. In a separate study, lesion patients will play behavioral versions of the economic games. The University of Pennsylvania is the ideal environment in which to conduct the proposed research given the accessibility of the lesion patient database and the availability of state-of-the-art neuroimaging facilities. The sponsorship team’s expertise in neuroeconomics and advanced neuroimaging methods fits the applicant’s training needs perfectly, and opportunities for further development are available through relevant coursework and seminars. Understanding how people think about and treat people with facial differences could inform interventions aimed at educating the public about bias and its consequences, thereby illuminating an underappreciated psychological burden shouldered by people who look different.

好的，坏的和不同的：理解对面部差异的人的耻辱

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Which moral exemplars inspire prosociality?

DOI：
10.1080/09515089.2022.2035343
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Han, Hyemin;Workman, Clifford, I;May, Joshua;Scholtens, Payton;Dawson, Kelsie J.;Glenn, Andrea L.;Meindl, Peter
通讯作者：
Meindl, Peter

Evidence against the "anomalous-is-bad" stereotype in Hadza hunter gatherers.

反对Hadza Hunter收集者的“异常 - bad”刻板印象的证据。