Novel insights from a divergent form of germ plasm

来自不同形式种质的新见解

• 批准号: 10251583
• 负责人: Alexey Arkov
• 金额: $ 10.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10251583
• 关键词: Biological Models; Biological Process; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Cytoplasmic Granules; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Elements; Embryo; Germ; Goals; Health; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Messenger RNA; Molecular; Morphology; Process; Property; Proteins; Regulation; Ribonucleoproteins; Solid; Specific qualifier value; Structure; Structure of primordial sex cell; Translations; Wasps; cell type; fly; insight; migration; novel; particle

Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are crucial elements in many biological processes and cell types. The polar granules of Drosophila melanogaster have long served as a model system for understanding the functions of RNPs. Polar granules are small, heterogeneous RNPs that specify the primordial germ cells in the fly. In this proposal, we will build upon the Drosophila knowledge using our wasp model system Nasonia vitripennis. The Nasonia equivalent of the polar granules is in the form of a large, spherical, solid RNP called the oosome. This is in contrast to the polar granules, which take the form of many small particles localized to the posterior pole of the embryo. The Nasonia oosome undergoes a dramatic migration within the posterior half of the embryo, a process which has not counterpart in Drosophila. Finally, the oosome is extruded in one very large bud that will divide and give rise to the pole cells. This is in strong contrast to pole cell formation in Drosophila, which is driven by the migration of nuclei to the posterior cortex, where individual cells form from small buds individually. The goal of this proposal is to understand the molecular and mechanistic properties of the oosome that are the basis for its morphological and functional differences from the polar granules. We will characterize the protein composition of the oosome, detail how translation is regulated within the oosome, and reveal how mRNAs and proteins are distributed throughout the oosome. We will then identify the interactions among proteins that may be important for the unique structure and function of the oosome. Finally, we will take in depth approaches to characterize the functions of novel components of the oosome. At the conclusion of this project, we will have a mechanistic understanding how the composition of the oosome and the interactions among the component molecules give rise to a novel form of RNP.

核糖核蛋白 (RNP) 是许多生物过程和细胞中的关键元素 类型。黑腹果蝇的极性颗粒长期以来一直作为模型 系统来了解 RNP 的功能。极性颗粒较小， 异质 RNP 指定了果蝇中的原始生殖细胞。在这个提案中，我们 将使用我们的黄蜂模型系统 Nasonia 建立果蝇知识 维特里佩尼斯。极性颗粒的 Nasonia 等效物呈大的形式， 球形、固体 RNP 称为卵体。这与极性颗粒相反，极性颗粒 采取定位于胚胎后极的许多小颗粒的形式。这 Nasonia 卵体在胚胎后半部经历了戏剧性的迁移， 这一过程在果蝇中没有对应的过程。最后，卵体被挤出 一个非常大的芽，将分裂并产生极细胞。这是在强 与果蝇的极细胞形成相反，果蝇的极细胞形成是由细胞核迁移到 后皮质，其中单个细胞由小芽单独形成。目标是 这个提议是为了了解卵体的分子和机械特性 这是其形态和功能与极地差异的基础 颗粒。我们将描述卵体的蛋白质组成，详细说明如何 翻译在卵体内受到调节，并揭示 mRNA 和蛋白质如何 分布于整个卵体。然后我们将确定蛋白质之间的相互作用 这对于卵体的独特结构和功能可能很重要。最后，我们 将采取深入的方法来表征新组件的功能 很棒的。在这个项目结束时，我们将对如何 卵体的组成和组成分子之间的相互作用 产生了一种新形式的 RNP。