Neurodevelopmental Emergence of Callous-Unemotional Behavior Beginning in Infancy: Neural Markers and Environmental Risk and Protective Factors

从婴儿期开始的冷酷无情行为的神经发育出现：神经标志物和环境风险和保护因素

• 批准号: 10569525
• 负责人: Meghan Donohue
• 金额: $ 18.07万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-02-01 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10569525
• 关键词: 3 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Affective; Age; Area; Auditory; Behavior; Biological Markers; Birth; Brain; Child; Child Rearing; Childhood; Clinical; Code; Development; Dimensions; Distress; Emotions; Empathy; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Exposure to; Financial Hardship; Fright; Funding; Guilt; Happiness; Homicide; Impairment; Infant; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Maintenance; Maps; Measurable; Measures; Mental disorders; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; Moral Development; Morality; Mothers; National Institute of Mental Health; Neuronal Plasticity; Parents; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Phenotype; Poverty; Prevention; Process; Prospective Studies; Psychopathology; Public Health; Reporting; Research Activity; Research Design; Research Domain Criteria; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Marker; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Social Problems; Social Processes; Stimulus; Stress; Substance Use Disorder; Symptoms; Techniques; Testing; Training; Training Activity; United States National Institutes of Health; affiliative behavior; behavior prediction; callous unemotional trait; cohort; conduct problem; developmental neurobiology; early childhood; early life adversity; high risk; indexing; infancy; longitudinal analysis; longitudinal design; mental state; modifiable risk; multidisciplinary; neural; neural correlate; neurodevelopment; peer victimization; pleasure; prenatal; prenatal experience; prevent; preventive intervention; protective factors; psychosocial; remorseless; social; success; theories; violent crime; virtual

PROJECT SUMMARY Callous-unemotional behavior (CU behavior), characterized by atypically low empathy, prosociality and guilt, represents a serious impairment in moral development associated with severe and persistent conduct problems, violent crime, social rejection, and substance use disorders. Alarmingly, CU behaviors have been historically difficult to treat. By age 3, CU behaviors are reliably measurable, predict CU into late childhood, and are already associated with greater conduct and social problems. Despite this evidence, very few studies have examined precursors of CU behaviors (i.e., emerging CU) or identified risk and protective factors during infancy and toddlerhood, when morality develops rapidly and thus may be most malleable. This knowledge may identify more precise risk and protective processes underlying emerging CU that may be targeted to prevent a highly impairing psychosocial trajectory. Consistent with NIMH Strategic Objective 2 to “chart mental illness trajectories to determine when, where, and how to intervene,” this K23 application aims to identify neural correlates and environmental, child dispositional, and parenting risk and protective factors for emerging CU behavior across infancy and toddlerhood. To accomplish these aims, this proposal leverages an exceptional opportunity to add measures to an NIH-funded study following a large, high-risk cohort of mother-infant dyads annually from birth through age 3. The applicant will add critical measures to this parent study including observational and parent- report assessments of emerging CU, an event-related potential (ERP) task, and experimenter-child interactions to assess children's dispositions. This proposal will use ERPs to characterize neural markers of CU behavior and examine whether aspects of children's environments (early life adversity) and dispositions (low affiliation) measured in infancy predict maladaptive trajectories of emerging CU through age 3. Further, it will test whether low parenting warmth is implicated in these risk trajectories and could thus be a protective factor targeted in treatment. Findings will inform the developmental neurobiology of emerging CU behavior and elucidate promising early prevention and treatment targets. To execute this proposal, the training plan in this application addresses the applicant's need for training in 1) ERP assessment methods; 2) the developmental psychopathology of CU behavior; and 3) longitudinal design and analysis. A rich training environment and a multidisciplinary team of mentors in each of these areas is detailed. The described research and training activities will enable the candidate to become an independent scientist investigating neural and psychosocial risk for aberrant moral development and its role in the onset and maintenance of early childhood psychopathology.

项目概要 冷酷无情的行为（CU行为），其特征是非典型的低同理心、亲社会性和内疚感， 代表与严重且持续的行为问题相关的道德发展的严重损害， 暴力犯罪、社会排斥和药物滥用障碍。令人担忧的是，CU 的行为在历史上一直是 很难治疗。到 3 岁时，CU 行为可以可靠地测量，可​​以预测 CU 到童年晚期，并且已经 与更大的行为和社会问题相关。尽管有这些证据，但很少有研究检验 CU 行为的前兆（即新兴 CU）或婴儿期和婴儿期已确定的风险和保护因素 幼儿期，道德发展迅速，因此可能最具可塑性。这些知识可能会识别更多 新兴 CU 背后的精确风险和保护流程可能旨在防止严重损害 psychosocial trajectory.与 NIMH 战略目标 2 一致，即“绘制精神疾病轨迹以 确定何时、何地以及如何进行干预”，这个 K23 应用程序旨在识别神经相关性和 环境、儿童性格和养育风险以及新兴 CU 行为的保护因素 infancy and toddlerhood.为了实现这些目标，该提案利用了一个特殊的机会来添加 美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 资助的一项研究，每年对一大批高风险的母婴二人组进行研究，从出生起采取措施 3. 申请人将在此家长研究中添加关键措施，包括观察和家长研究 报告对新兴 CU、事件相关电位 (ERP) 任务以及实验者与儿童互动的评估 来评估孩子的性格。该提案将使用 ERP 来表征 CU 行为的神经标记 并检查儿童的环境（早期生活逆境）和性格（低亲和力）是否受到影响 在婴儿期进行的测量可以预测 3 岁时出现的 CU 的适应不良轨迹。此外，它将测试是否 低养育热情与这些风险轨迹有关，因此可能是针对的保护因素 治疗。研究结果将为新兴 CU 行为的发育神经生物学提供信息，并阐明有希望的 及早预防和治疗的目标。为了执行该建议，本应用程序中的培训计划涉及 申请人需要接受的培训： 1) ERP评估方法； 2）CU的发展精神病理学 行为; 3）纵向设计与分析。丰富的培训环境和多学科团队 每个领域的导师都有详细介绍。所描述的研究和培训活动将使 成为独立科学家的候选人，调查道德异常的神经和心理社会风险 发展及其在早期儿童精神病理学的发生和维持中的作用。