Targeting transient receptor potential channels to suppress proviral mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in order to mitigate CVB pancreatitis

项目摘要 柯萨奇病毒B（CVB）是一种常见的人类病原体，可引起一系列炎性疾病， 如脑膜脑炎、心肌炎和胰腺炎。CVB对胰腺有很强的向性， 是病毒性胰腺炎的主要病因急性胰腺炎有时可能很严重，导致全身性 炎症、其他器官损伤和10-30%的患者死亡。儿童患致命性CVB的风险更高 胰腺炎CVB还可引起慢性胰腺炎，这是一种胰腺的持续性炎症， 胰腺癌的危险因素。重症病毒性胰腺炎的治疗通常旨在减轻症状， 然而，缺乏限制疾病进展的有效干预。在最近的一项研究中， CVB 3型（CVB 3）感染引起线粒体分裂，随后激活线粒体自噬， 被感染的细胞我们推测，CVB 3触发了这一点，以便被吞噬在线粒体中， 作为载有病毒的细胞外囊泡从宿主细胞中排出。特异性阻断线粒体 分裂或线粒体自噬途径破坏了这一过程并减弱了感染。在最近的报道中， 受体电位（TRP）离子通道已显示影响线粒体动力学。辣椒素和 热受体TRPV 1可以触发线粒体去极化，这导致线粒体片段化。我们 他们发现，抑制TRPV 1不仅可以防止CVB 3诱导的线粒体分裂，而且可以显著地 减少体外感染。类似地，使用薄荷醇激活TRPV 1拮抗剂TRPM 8也极大地钝化 感染我们在胰腺CVB 3感染的小鼠模型中测试了口服薄荷醇治疗的效果， 发现薄荷醇可以减轻胰腺损伤和病毒载量。关于TRP通道如何 影响病毒感染。了解这些途径如何影响CVB 3感染将使我们能够建立 新的抗病毒治疗（如薄荷醇）用于抑制CVB 3胰腺炎以及其他CVB 3- 诱发疾病。

PROJECT SUMMARY Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is a common human pathogen that can cause an array of inflammatory diseases such as meningo-encephalitis, myocarditis and pancreatitis. CVB has strong tropism to the pancreas and as such is a leading cause of viral pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis can sometimes be severe, which leads to systemic inflammation, damage to other organs and death in 10-30% of patients. Children are at higher risk for lethal CVB pancreatitis. CVB can also cause chronic pancreatitis, which is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas that is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Treatments for severe viral pancreatitis generally aim to mitigate symptoms, however there is a lack of effective interventions that limit disease progression. In a recent study we had reported that CVB type 3 (CVB3) infection causes mitochondrial fission with subsequent activation of mitophagy in infected cells. We surmise that CVB3 triggers this in order to become engulfed in mitophagosomes which become expelled from the host cell as virus-laden extracellular vesicles. Specifically blocking mitochondrial fission or mitophagy pathways disrupts this process and attenuates infection. In recent reports, the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have been shown to influence mitochondrial dynamics. The capsaicin and heat receptor TRPV1 can trigger mitochondrial depolarization which leads to mitochondrial fragmentation. We have found that inhibiting TRPV1 not only prevents CVB3-induced mitochondrial fission, but also significantly reduces infection in vitro. Similarly, activating the TRPV1 antagonist TRPM8 using menthol also greatly blunts infection. We tested the effects of oral menthol treatments in a mouse model of pancreatic CVB3 infection and saw that menthol blunts pancreatic damage and viral load. There is very limited data on how TRP channels influence viral infection. Understanding how these pathways influence CVB3 infection will allow us to establish novel antiviral treatments (such as menthol) to be used to suppress CVB3 pancreatitis as well as other CVB3- induced diseases.