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Sensitivity to spectral cues in infant speech perception

婴儿言语感知中对频谱线索的敏感性

基本信息

批准号：
7860410
负责人：
Christian Edmund Stilp
金额：
$ 2.76万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-07-01 至 2011-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research will examine infants' sensitivity to multiple spectral cues in speech perception. Speech is a complex signal, with numerous acoustic cues for every consonant and vowel. Through experience, listeners learn to exploit correlations between multiple cues, making perception more efficient and robust. Adults display this knowledge through their use of cues that are spectrally local (e.g. formant transitions) as well as distributed (e.g. gross spectral shape, or tilt) to distinguish speech sounds. Although prior research has demonstrated infants' ability to distinguish many speech sounds, how they distinguish these sounds is unclear. Infants' sensitivity to individual cues, the relative importance they assign to each cue, and when they learn to exploit correlations between cues all remain poorly understood. We propose four experiments to address these questions. The first aim of this project is to investigate sensitivity to spectral cues. To address this issue, the first two experiments will examine speech perception when the natural covariance between two cues is violated or maintained. The latter two experiments will test sensitivity to changes in individual cues. The second aim is to assess relative cue salience across the lifespan. Results from the first experiment will be compared to existing data from normal-hearing and hearing-impaired elderly adult listeners who completed a similar task (Alexander & Kluender, in press; in preparation) to assess differential effects of listening experience and hearing health on perception of the same speech stimuli. We hypothesize that both 6-to-7-month-old and 11-to-12-month-old-infants will exhibit perceptual sensitivity to both spectral cues in speech perception, with 11-to-12-month-olds displaying the greatest sensitivity. We also hypothesize that younger infants may be relatively more influenced by spectrally global (e.g. tilt) cues than older infants. Our long-term objective is to better understand development of speech perception in infants with normal and compromised hearing. These results will help refine treatment methods for infants with hearing loss, and inform the use of devices such as hearing aids and cochlear implants. Public health statement: The proposed research will reveal the acoustic information infants use to distinguish speech sounds, and whether this information is used differently by adults. Knowing what infants listen for will benefit efforts to facilitate development of speech perception in children with compromised hearing. This research will also investigate when infants learn to exploit statistical regularities between cues in natural speech.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究将检查婴儿对言语感知中多种频谱线索的敏感性。语音是一种复杂的信号，每个辅音和元音都有大量的声学线索。通过经验，听众学会利用多个线索之间的相关性，使感知更加有效和稳健。成年人通过使用局部频谱（例如共振峰转变）和分布式（例如总体频谱形状或倾斜）的线索来区分语音来展示这种知识。尽管先前的研究已经证明婴儿能够区分许多语音，但他们如何区分这些声音尚不清楚。婴儿对单个线索的敏感性、他们分配给每个线索的相对重要性以及他们何时学会利用线索之间的相关性仍然知之甚少。我们提出四个实验来解决这些问题。该项目的首要目标是研究对光谱线索的敏感性。为了解决这个问题，前两个实验将检查两个线索之间的自然协方差被违反或维持时的语音感知。后两个实验将测试对个体线索变化的敏感性。第二个目标是评估整个生命周期的相对线索显着性。第一个实验的结果将与完成类似任务的正常听力和听力受损的老年听众的现有数据进行比较（Alexander & Kluender，出版中；准备中），以评估听力体验和听力健康对相同语音刺激感知的不同影响。我们假设 6 至 7 个月大和 11 至 12 个月大的婴儿对言语感知中的两种光谱线索都表现出感知敏感性，其中 11 至 12 个月大的婴儿表现出最大的敏感性。我们还假设，与年龄较大的婴儿相比，较小的婴儿可能相对更多地受到光谱全局（例如倾斜）线索的影响。我们的长期目标是更好地了解听力正常和受损的婴儿的言语感知发展。这些结果将有助于完善听力损失婴儿的治疗方法，并为助听器和人工耳蜗等设备的使用提供信息。公共卫生声明：拟议的研究将揭示婴儿用来区分语音的声音信息，以及成人是否以不同的方式使用这些信息。了解婴儿在听什么将有助于促进听力受损儿童言语感知的发展。这项研究还将调查婴儿何时学会利用自然言语线索之间的统计规律。