Behavioral and Social Science Research to Optimize SARS-CoV-2 Protective Vaccine Uptake in Racial Minority Communities with High Rates of COVID-19

通过行为和社会科学研究优化 COVID-19 高发病率的少数族裔社区对 SARS-CoV-2 保护性疫苗的接种

• 批准号: 10273271
• 负责人: Yuri A Amirkhanian
• 金额: $ 63.93万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-19 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10273271
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; AIDS prevention; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adoption; African American; Age; Area; Attitude; Awareness; Barbering; Behavioral; Belief; Biomedical Research; COVID-19; COVID-19 diagnosis; COVID-19 disparity; COVID-19 mortality; COVID-19 prevention; COVID-19 vaccination; COVID-19 vaccine; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cities; Code; Collaborations; Color; Communities; Community Outreach; Country; County; Data; Disease; Economics; Educational Intervention; Enrollment; Ensure; Evaluation; Family member; Federally Qualified Health Center; Feedback; Focus Groups; Friends; Fright; Gender; Hair; Health; Health Personnel; Individual; Influenza; Influenza vaccination; Insurance; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Life; Link; Low income; Measures; Medical; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; Music; Nail plate; Neighborhood Health Center; Neighborhoods; Peer Group; Persons; Phase; Population; Prevention Research; Primary Health Care; Provider; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Respondent; Risk; SARS-CoV-2 infection; Sampling; Scientist; Self Efficacy; Social Network; Source; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Transportation; Trust; United States; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Wisconsin; Woman; Work; acceptability and feasibility; base; behavioral/social science; care providers; community engaged research; community intervention; community organizations; experience; health belief; health inequalities; implementation science; inner city; innovation; medical schools; member; men; minority communities; older men; older women; peer; prevent; racial disparity; racial minority; recruit; scale up; social; social media; social science research; social stigma; stressor; theories; uptake; vaccine acceptance; vaccine development; virtual; virtual delivery; young man

ABSTRACT Intensive efforts are underway to develop a vaccine protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and hope is high that a safe and effective vaccine will soon be available. However, development of a vaccine does not ensure its uptake on the scale needed to bring COVID-19 under control. In the United States, communities of color are disproportionately burdened by COVID-19 diagnosis, serious illness, and death. However, experience in areas such as influenza vaccination portends that COVID-19 vaccine uptake will be lower in African American communities hard-hit by the disease. Racial disparities in influenza vaccination have been linked to individual factors (including low vaccine awareness, medical mistrust, fears and vaccine skepticism); structural barriers (such as not having an accessible primary health care provider); peer group norms that do not sufficiently support getting vaccinated; and social, economic, and life stressors that contribute to many health inequities. Similar but also unique factors are likely to undermine acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in racial minority communities. Community-engaged research must be undertaken now—and at a point before a vaccine is widely available—to understand and address community concerns and to develop strategies to prevent racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake. The planned research will be undertaken in Milwaukee by a team of behavioral and social scientists in a collaboration with an established federally qualified community health center serving low-income inner-city residents. The research will use mixed methods to identify minority community concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination; to determine factors that influence strength of community members’ intentions to vaccinate; and to pilot test and establish the feasibility and acceptability of a virtually-delivered intervention that engages community social influencers to address vaccine concerns and endorse vaccine benefits within their social networks. The work will be undertaken in an accelerated manner in three distinct but interrelated phases, all with samples diverse in age and gender: (1) focus groups conducted with 160 African American inner-city community members to elicit COVID-19 vaccine beliefs; perceived risks, benefits, and norms; and factors that would impede or facilitate vaccination; (2) an online quantitative survey study that will enroll 700 community members from zip codes with greatest SARS-CoV-2 rates and will measure respondents’ intentions to vaccinate and test the influence on those intentions of theory-based predictors including perceived COVID-19 threat; perceived vaccination benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy, as well as identifying preferred settings for vaccination; and (3) a feasibility and acceptability pilot test of a virtually-delivered intervention that trains and enlists personally-known and trusted neighborhood social influencers to address the COVID-19 vaccination concerns of their friends, family members, neighbors, coworkers, and social media followers, and that supports informed decisions about vaccination. This research will characterize vaccine concerns and identify strategies that can optimize vaccine uptake in racial minority communities vulnerable to COVID-19.

摘要 目前正在加紧努力开发一种预防SARS-CoV-2感染的疫苗， 安全有效的疫苗很快就会问世。然而，疫苗的开发并不 确保其达到控制COVID-19所需的规模。在美国， 有色人种不成比例地承受着COVID-19诊断、严重疾病和死亡的负担。但经验 在流感疫苗接种等领域， 受疾病影响严重的社区。流感疫苗接种中的种族差异与个人 因素（包括疫苗认识不足、医疗不信任、恐惧和疫苗怀疑）;结构性障碍 (such没有可获得的初级保健提供者）;同龄群体规范不足以 支持接种疫苗;以及导致许多健康不平等的社会，经济和生活压力。 类似但也独特的因素可能会削弱少数种族对COVID-19疫苗接种的接受程度 社区.现在就必须进行社区参与的研究，而且是在疫苗广泛使用之前 了解和处理社区关注的问题，并制定策略，以防止种族歧视。 COVID-19疫苗接种率的差异。这项计划中的研究将由一个在密尔沃基的小组进行， 行为和社会科学家与一个已建立的联邦合格的社区卫生中心合作 为低收入的市中心居民服务研究将使用混合方法来识别少数民族社区 关注COVID-19疫苗接种;确定影响社区成员免疫力的因素 接种疫苗的意图;以及试点测试和建立虚拟交付的可行性和可接受性 让社区社会影响者参与解决疫苗问题并认可疫苗的干预措施 在他们的社交网络中的利益。这项工作将在三个不同的但 （1）与160名非洲人进行的重点小组研究， 美国内城社区成员，以引出COVID-19疫苗的信念;感知的风险，收益， 规范;以及阻碍或促进疫苗接种的因素;（2）在线定量调查研究， 从SARS-CoV-2发病率最高的邮政编码招募700名社区成员， 接种疫苗的意图，并测试基于理论的预测因素对这些意图的影响，包括感知 COVID-19威胁;感知的疫苗接种益处、障碍和自我效能，以及确定首选 接种疫苗的设置;以及（3）虚拟交付干预的可行性和可接受性试点测试， 培训和招募个人知名和值得信赖的社区社会影响力，以应对COVID-19 他们的朋友，家人，邻居，同事和社交媒体关注者的疫苗接种问题，以及 支持疫苗接种的知情决策。这项研究将描述疫苗问题，并确定 这些战略可以优化易受COVID-19影响的少数民族社区的疫苗接种。