Behavioral and Social Science Research to Optimize SARS-CoV-2 Protective Vaccine Uptake in Racial Minority Communities with High Rates of COVID-19

通过行为和社会科学研究优化 COVID-19 高发病率的少数族裔社区对 SARS-CoV-2 保护性疫苗的接种

• 批准号: 10490972
• 负责人: Yuri A Amirkhanian
• 金额: $ 61.76万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-19 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10490972
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; AIDS prevention; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adoption; African American; African American population; Age; Area; Attitude; Awareness; Barbering; Behavioral; Belief; Biomedical Research; Black race; COVID-19; COVID-19 diagnosis; COVID-19 disparity; COVID-19 mortality; COVID-19 prevention; COVID-19 vaccination; COVID-19 vaccine; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cities; Code; Collaborations; Color; Communities; Community Outreach; Country; County; Data; Disease; Economics; Educational Intervention; Enrollment; Ensure; Evaluation; Family member; Federally Qualified Health Center; Feedback; Focus Groups; Friends; Fright; Gender; Hair; Health; Health Personnel; Individual; Influenza; Influenza vaccination; Insurance; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Life; Link; Low income; Measures; Medical; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; Music; Nail plate; Neighborhood Health Center; Neighborhoods; Peer Group; Persons; Phase; Population; Prevention Research; Primary Health Care; Provider; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Respondent; Risk; SARS-CoV-2 infection; Sampling; Scientist; Self Efficacy; Social Network; Source; Surveys; Testing; Transportation; Trust; United States; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Wisconsin; Woman; Work; acceptability and feasibility; base; behavioral/social science; care providers; community engaged research; community intervention; community organizations; experience; health belief; health inequalities; implementation science; inner city; innovation; medical schools; member; men; minority communities; older men; older women; peer; pilot test; prevent; racial disparity; racial minority; recruit; scale up; social; social influence; social media; social science research; social stigma; stressor; theories; uptake; vaccine acceptance; vaccine development; virtual; virtual delivery; vulnerable community; young man

ABSTRACT Intensive efforts are underway to develop a vaccine protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and hope is high that a safe and effective vaccine will soon be available. However, development of a vaccine does not ensure its uptake on the scale needed to bring COVID-19 under control. In the United States, communities of color are disproportionately burdened by COVID-19 diagnosis, serious illness, and death. However, experience in areas such as influenza vaccination portends that COVID-19 vaccine uptake will be lower in African American communities hard-hit by the disease. Racial disparities in influenza vaccination have been linked to individual factors (including low vaccine awareness, medical mistrust, fears and vaccine skepticism); structural barriers (such as not having an accessible primary health care provider); peer group norms that do not sufficiently support getting vaccinated; and social, economic, and life stressors that contribute to many health inequities. Similar but also unique factors are likely to undermine acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in racial minority communities. Community-engaged research must be undertaken now—and at a point before a vaccine is widely available—to understand and address community concerns and to develop strategies to prevent racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake. The planned research will be undertaken in Milwaukee by a team of behavioral and social scientists in a collaboration with an established federally qualified community health center serving low-income inner-city residents. The research will use mixed methods to identify minority community concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination; to determine factors that influence strength of community members’ intentions to vaccinate; and to pilot test and establish the feasibility and acceptability of a virtually-delivered intervention that engages community social influencers to address vaccine concerns and endorse vaccine benefits within their social networks. The work will be undertaken in an accelerated manner in three distinct but interrelated phases, all with samples diverse in age and gender: (1) focus groups conducted with 160 African American inner-city community members to elicit COVID-19 vaccine beliefs; perceived risks, benefits, and norms; and factors that would impede or facilitate vaccination; (2) an online quantitative survey study that will enroll 700 community members from zip codes with greatest SARS-CoV-2 rates and will measure respondents’ intentions to vaccinate and test the influence on those intentions of theory-based predictors including perceived COVID-19 threat; perceived vaccination benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy, as well as identifying preferred settings for vaccination; and (3) a feasibility and acceptability pilot test of a virtually-delivered intervention that trains and enlists personally-known and trusted neighborhood social influencers to address the COVID-19 vaccination concerns of their friends, family members, neighbors, coworkers, and social media followers, and that supports informed decisions about vaccination. This research will characterize vaccine concerns and identify strategies that can optimize vaccine uptake in racial minority communities vulnerable to COVID-19.

抽象的 目前正在加紧努力开发一种预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染的疫苗，并希望 人们普遍认为安全有效的疫苗很快就会问世。然而，疫苗的研发并不 确保其吸收规模达到控制 COVID-19 所需的规模。在美国，社区 有色人种因 COVID-19 诊断、严重疾病和死亡而承受着不成比例的负担。然而，经验 在流感疫苗接种等领域，非洲裔美国人对 COVID-19 疫苗的接种率将较低 受该疾病重创的社区。流感疫苗接种的种族差异与个人有关 因素（包括疫苗意识低、医疗不信任、恐惧和疫苗怀疑）；结构性障碍 （例如没有可用的初级卫生保健提供者）；同伴群体规范还不够充分 支持接种疫苗；以及导致许多健康不平等的社会、经济和生活压力。 类似但又独特的因素可能会影响少数族裔对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的接受度 社区。现在就必须开展社区参与的研究——而且是在疫苗广泛普及之前的某个时刻 可用——了解和解决社区关注的问题，并制定防止种族歧视的策略 COVID-19 疫苗接种情况存在差异。计划中的研究将由一个团队在密尔沃基进行 行为和社会科学家与已建立的联邦合格社区健康中心合作 服务于低收入内城居民。该研究将使用混合方法来识别少数群体社区 对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的担忧；确定影响社区成员强度的因素 接种疫苗的意愿；并进行试点测试并确定虚拟交付的可行性和可接受性 让社区社会影响者参与解决疫苗问题并支持疫苗的干预措施 他们的社交网络中的利益。这项工作将在三个不同但不同的领域加速进行 相互关联的阶段，所有样本的年龄和性别各异：(1) 对 160 名非洲人进行焦点小组讨论 美国内城区社区成员激发对 COVID-19 疫苗的信念；感知到的风险、收益和 规范；以及阻碍或促进疫苗接种的因素； (2) 在线定量调查研究 从 SARS-CoV-2 发病率最高的邮政编码地区招募 700 名社区成员，并将测量受访者的 接种疫苗的意图并测试基于理论的预测因素对这些意图的影响，包括感知 COVID-19 威胁；感知疫苗接种的好处、障碍和自我效能，以及确定首选疫苗接种 疫苗接种场所； (3) 对虚拟实施的干预措施进行可行性和可接受性试点测试 培训并招募个人知名且值得信赖的邻里社会影响者来应对 COVID-19 他们的朋友、家人、邻居、同事和社交媒体关注者对疫苗接种的担忧，以及 支持有关疫苗接种的明智决策。这项研究将描述疫苗问题的特征并确定 可以优化易受 COVID-19 影响的少数族裔社区的疫苗接种情况的策略。