Mechanical determinants of organ-selective metastatic colonization, dormancy and outgrowth

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Overall: PROJECT SUMMARY Metastatic disease is responsible for the vast majority of cancer mortality. Understanding of the fundamental mechanisms leading to metastatic cancer has been hampered by the need for models that replicate the step- wise metastatic process in vivo, yet are amenable to tight control and facilitate high-resolution, time-lapse imaging and quantitative analysis of cell behavior. Over the past decade, our team has developed in vivo and in vitro methods capable of simulating many steps of the metastatic cascade including tumor cell invasion, intravasation, trapping in the microcirculation or adhesion to the vessel walls, and extravasation into the surrounding extracellular matrix. In parallel, we have developed computational studies that provided detailed insights often not possible through experiments. This collective prior work has shed new light on central aspects of single-cell and collective cell behavior during metastasis, and identified mechanical adaptations and vulnerabilities of the tumor cell with promise for targeted interventions. The goal of our proposed U54 Center is to employ these developed assays and methods in combination with new measurement techniques to interrogate the full spectrum of stressors experienced by tumor cells in the metastatic niche during arrest and extravasation, and couple these with parallel studies of changes in chromatin structure and the transcriptome of tumor cells (Core B). These changes are critical to mechano-adaptation of the tumor cells towards an organ-preferential initiation of a metastatic colony or transition to dormancy. A hallmark of our proposed center is the use of state- of-the-art in vitro (Project 1) and in vivo (Project 2) experiments and computation (Core A) to uncover and probe the factors that ultimately determine tumor cell fate. We anticipate that such integrated studies will provide new insights into metastatic cancer, not possible by the use of any method alone, and enhance our ability to identify and screen for new therapies to inhibit the tendency for metastatic spread of disease.