Development of a low dose clinical lung screening prototype for early detection of COPD and lung cancer using a novel x-ray source to enable Talbot-Lau interferometry

使用新型 X 射线源开发低剂量临床肺部筛查原型，以实现 COPD 和肺癌的早期检测，以实现 Talbot-Lau 干涉测量

• 批准号: 10274731
• 负责人: David Vine
• 金额: $ 84.07万
• 依托单位: SIGRAY, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10274731
• 关键词: Air; Alveolar; Benign; Breast Microcalcification; Cadaver; Cancerous; Cause of Death; Chest; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Clinical; Communities; Detection; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Disease; Dose; Early Diagnosis; Early treatment; Ensure; Evaluation; Family suidae; Goals; Human; Image; Interferometry; Legal patent; Lesion; Life; Low Dose Radiation; Lung; Lung diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Mass Screening; Medical; Methods; Morphology; Mus; Performance; Phase; Pulmonary Pathology; Radiation Dose Unit; Recording of previous events; Roentgen Rays; Savings; Signal Transduction; Smoking; Smoking History; Solid; Source; Structure; Structure of parenchyma of lung; System; Techniques; Thick; Thoracic Radiography; Time; Tissues; Width; absorption; base; contrast imaging; density; design; detector; effective therapy; high risk population; imaging system; improved; in vivo; innovation; low dose computed tomography; lung imaging; mortality; novel; novel diagnostics; operation; prototype; screening; success; survival outcome; treatment strategy; tumor

Project Summary/Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are the third and sixth most common causes of death worldwide. One major challenge is that there are no effective screening methods capable of early detection of these diseases and when these diseases are finally detected, they are often at advanced stages for which few effective treatment strategies exist. In the case of lung cancer, more than half of people die within the year of diagnosis. Darkfield (scattering-based) x-ray contrast has been recently demonstrated to provide exciting capabilities for early detection of lung pathologies, including cancer and COPD at doses comparable to conventional chest radiography. This contrast mechanism differs significantly from current approaches, which use the absorption of x-rays for contrast rather than the scattering of x-rays. Accessing information provided by this contrast mechanism requires an emerging grating-based x-ray technique called Talbot-Lau interferometry, which uses three sets of gratings (source, phase, and detector) to achieve contrast. However, a critical bottleneck for using this technique at the high x-ray energies (~60 keV) required for imaging through a human chest is a source grating with the aspect ratios required cannot be fabricated. We propose to develop a lung darkfield imaging prototype using a major x-ray source innovation that removes the need for the x-ray source grating to enable Talbot-Lau interferometry at high x-ray energies. The system will critically enable demonstrations of the clinical potential of darkfield radiography for early detection of lung pathologies. The proposed Phase I 6-month project is a proof-of-principle of a grating-less Talbot-Lau breadboard set-up on a phantom. The proposed Phase II 24-month project is to develop a complete prototype system and experimentally verify its performance.

项目总结/文摘