Undesired Pregnancies during the Transition to Adulthood

控制是否以及何时怀孕是一项人权。然而，尽管美国已经有40多年的历史。 卫生与公众服务部优先减少意外怀孕，发病率居高不下 [49][中英文摘要]。这至少在一定程度上是因为，尽管对这一主题进行了大量研究，但我们仍然相对较少 理解为什么一些女性能够在怀孕时得到她们想要的，而另一些女性则不能。 这项研究采取了一种创新的方法，从两个方面来理解这个难题，这让我能够 克服我们理解意外怀孕的两个顽固障碍。首先，我应用了一个唯一的和 创新的理论框架-特质-欲望-意图-行为(TDIB)框架-已经 很大程度上被人口学家忽视了。TDIB具有巨大的潜力，有助于我们理解 意外怀孕，因为它是专门为此目的而设计的；它侧重于 欲望和意图、意图和行为之间的不匹配。其次，我使用唯一的 18、19岁女性关系动态与社会生活的纵向混合研究 (RDSL)研究，包括预期测量的怀孕愿望和半结构化访谈 (n=75)随后怀孕和未怀孕的受访者。半结构化面试， 尤其是未怀孕的访谈，几乎完全没有分析，而且是专门设计的 以产生关于意外怀孕的创新假设和证据。首先，我们采访了一位 40名RDSL受访者(平均分布在白人/黑人和贫困/非贫困群体中) 在2.5年的研究期内经历过怀孕。(绝大多数都是不受欢迎的。)第二，我们 采访了一组对照组(n=32)，他们在种族和贫困群体中分布相似，但 在研究期间，谁避免了怀孕。使用系统的异常案例分析策略[75]， 用“令人惊讶”(即，在这种情况下，无法通过统计预测)来生成新假设的推演方法 模型)案例中，我们根据风险选择了基于模型的怀孕倾向较高的受访者 模型使用了2.5年的调查数据。我们将这些访谈分配给另外三个小组，基于 调查回应：那些有零或非零怀孕愿望、一个或多个亲密伴侣的人，以及 完美或不完美的避孕用法。 我建议使用NVivo软件和定性分析技术来分析半结构化 通过比较怀孕和非怀孕受访者在三个方面存在差异的受访者进行采访： 怀孕欲望、亲密关系和避孕措施的使用。我也会比较怀孕和非怀孕 在这些领域匹配的怀孕受访者，以生成和评估符合以下条件的新假设 而不是专注于这些领域。最后，我将利用这些分析来进一步解释和扩展TDIB 理论框架，并将其更广泛地传播给人口学家。

Controlling whether and when a pregnancy occurs is a human right. Yet, despite more than 40 years of the U.S. Department Health and Human Services prioritizing the reduction of undesired pregnancies, rates remain high [49]. This is at least in part because despite a great deal of research on this topic, we still have relatively little understanding of why some women are able to get what they want in terms of pregnancy while others are not. This study takes an innovative approach to understanding this puzzle in two ways, which allow me to overcome two persistent barriers to our understanding of undesired pregnancies. First, I apply a unique and innovative theoretical framework—the Traits-Desires-Intentions-Behavior (TDIB) framework—that has been largely neglected by demographers. The TDIB has great potential to contribute to our understanding of undesired pregnancies because it was specifically designed for this purpose; it focuses on the potential mismatches between desires and intentions, and between intentions and behaviors. Second, I use a unique longitudinal, mixed-method study of 18- and 19-year-old women, the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life (RDSL) study, which includes both prospectively measured pregnancy desires and semi-structured interviews (n=75) with subsequently pregnant and non-pregnant respondents. The semi-structured interviews, particularly the non-pregnancy interviews, remain almost entirely un-analyzed, and were designed specifically to generate innovative new hypotheses and evidence about undesired pregnancies. First, we interviewed a group of 40 RDSL respondents, (distributed evenly across white/Black and poverty/non-poverty groups) who experienced pregnancies during the 2.5-year study period. (The vast majority were undesired.) Second, we interviewed a comparison group (n=32) who were similarly distributed across race and poverty groups, but who avoided pregnancy during the study period. Using a systematic anomalous case analysis strategy [75], an abductive approach to generating new hypotheses with “surprising” (i.e., in this case, unpredicted by statistical models) cases, we selected respondents with high model-based propensity for pregnancy, based on a hazard model using the 2.5 years of survey data. We distributed these interviews across three additional groups, based on survey responses: those with zero or non-zero pregnancy desire, one or multiple intimate partners, and perfect or imperfect contraceptive use. I propose to use NVivo software and qualitative analysis techniques to analyze the semi-structured interviews by comparing the pregnant and non-pregnant respondents who differ in terms of three domains: pregnancy desires, intimate relationships, and contraceptive use. I will also compare pregnant and non- pregnant respondents who match in terms of these domains, to generate and evaluate new hypotheses that do not focus on these domains. Finally, I will use these analyses to further explicate and expand the TDIB theoretical framework and disseminate it more widely to demographers.