Pathways Linking Negative Self-Views of Aging to Physical Activity in Daily Life: An Intensive Within-Person Approach

项目摘要 MOSAIC K99/R 00博士后职业转换奖的五年计划将使埃里卡博士 奥布莱恩的基本知识和技能，以帮助启动她的职业生涯作为一个独立的科学家在健康- 专注于老龄化研究这位合格的候选人寻求将她的研究计划集中在了解 心理社会和社会认知的决定因素，多因素途径，和时间动态的基础 终身参与促进健康的行为和活动。职业发展计划包括 宾夕法尼亚州立大学健康与人类发展学院的科学培训， 指导世界知名专家在生态瞬时评估，体力活动，老龄化/成人 健康行为研究。拟议的培训将补充奥布莱恩博士现有的 研究认知参与的年龄相关差异和使用日记设计的背景， 在密集的纵向方法和技术以及健康行为研究方面的基础。 体力活动（PA）是延迟功能衰退、疾病、 和死亡率，以及改善老年人的生活质量和心理健康。然而，许多人 没有获得推荐的PA水平，PA不足更可能发生在老年人中。现有 越来越多的研究表明，那些认为低PA反映了预期和不可避免的一部分的人， 老化过程报告PA参与水平较低，但解释这种关系的途径尚不清楚。 然而，衰老理论表明，在生命早期接受的消极的衰老自我观点（NS-VOA） 在后来的生活中，健康行为理论强调缺乏参与的动机， PA和PA行为的自我调节差作为驱动力。在这些思想的指导下， 使用密集的人内方法来描述之间的关系和潜在机制， PA和NS-VOA，因为他们在日常生活中展开。 K99第1年和第2年将使用现有数据来实现目标1和2。目标1将描述 NS-VOA的人内变化，测试NS-VOA是否在四个时间尺度上显著变化：年，周， 天，和时刻（即，天内）。目标2将研究NS-VOA和PA之间的关联， 瞬间的时间尺度。假设在NS-VOA被激活的情况下，PA参与度将较低。 高于通常，与较高（与较低）强度PA的关系更强，当基于器械（与自身） （已报告）使用PA。目标1和目标2是新颖的、人内评估背景，对于理解 快速反应的关系和潜在的机制。R 00第3年将收集和分析目标3的新数据， 测试NS-VOA是否通过动机和自我调节因素影响日常和瞬时PA 时间尺度。这项工作将为准备和提交R-赠款（R 00年4和5）提供信息，重点是 预防和干预，以增加老年人的PA在关键时刻，当NS-VOA可能会损害PA的参与。

PROJECT SUMMARY This five-year plan for a MOSAIC K99/R00 Postdoctoral Career Transition Award will equip Dr. Erica O’Brien with essential knowledge and skills to help launch her career as an independent scientist in health- focused aging research. This qualified candidate seeks to focus her research program on understanding the psycho-social and social cognitive determinants, multi-factorial pathways, and temporal dynamics underlying lifelong engagement in health-promoting behaviors and activities. The career development plan involves scientific training at Pennsylvania State University’s College of Health and Human Development under the mentorship of world-renowned experts in ecological momentary assessments, physical activity, aging/adult development, and health behavior research. The proposed training will supplement Dr. O’Brien’s existing background in studying age-related differences in cognitive engagement and in using diary designs with a foundation in intensive longitudinal methods and technologies as well as in health behavior research. Physical activity (PA) serves as an important behavioral pathway to delayed functional decline, disease, and mortality as well as to improved quality of life and psychological well-being in older age. Yet, many people do not obtain the recommended levels of PA, with insufficient PA being more likely in older adults. Existing studies increasingly indicate that people who believe that low PA reflects an expected and inevitable part of the aging process report lower levels of PA engagement, but the pathways explaining this relationship are unclear. Whereas theories of aging suggest that negative self-views of aging (NS-VOA) adopted earlier in life become internalized and self-fulling later in life, health behavior theories emphasize the lack of motivation to engage in PA and poor self-regulation of PA behavior as driving forces. Guided by these ideas, the proposed research uses an intensive within-person approach to characterize the relationship and underlying mechanisms between PA and NS-VOA as they unfold in daily life. K99 Years 1 and 2 will use existing data to address Aims 1 and 2. Aim 1 will characterize the extent of within-person variation in NS-VOA, testing whether NS-VOA vary significantly on four timescales: years, weeks, days, and moments (i.e., within-days). Aim 2 will examine the association between NS-VOA and PA on daily and momentary timescales. It is hypothesized that PA engagement will be lower on occasions when NS-VOA are higher than usual, with stronger relationships for higher (vs. lower) intensity PA and when device-based (vs. self- reported) PA are used. Aims 1 and 2 are novel, within-person assessment contexts important for understanding fast-acting relationships and underlying mechanisms. R00 Year 3 will collect and analyze new data for Aim 3 to test whether NS-VOA act through motivation and self-regulation factors to influence PA on daily and momentary timescales. This work will inform preparation and submission of an R-grant (R00 Years 4 and 5) that focuses on prevention and intervention to increase older adults’ PA at key times when NS-VOA may impair PA engagement.