Pathways Linking Negative Self-Views of Aging to Physical Activity in Daily Life: An Intensive Within-Person Approach

项目总结 这个马赛克K99/R00博士后职业生涯过渡奖的五年计划将使Erica博士 奥布莱恩拥有基本的知识和技能，帮助她开始了作为一名独立健康科学家的职业生涯- 专注于衰老研究。这位合格的候选人寻求将她的研究计划集中在理解 心理-社会和社会认知决定因素、多因素途径和潜在的时间动力学 终身参与促进健康的行为和活动。职业发展计划包括 宾夕法尼亚州立大学健康与人类发展学院的科学培训 指导世界知名的生态瞬时评估、体力活动、衰老/成人专家 发展和健康行为研究。拟议的培训将补充奥布莱恩博士现有的 研究年龄相关认知投入差异的背景和使用日记设计的背景 在密集的纵向方法和技术以及健康行为研究方面奠定了基础。 体力活动(PA)是延迟性功能衰退、疾病、 这对提高老年人的生活质量和心理健康具有重要意义。然而，很多人 不要获得推荐的PA水平，老年人更有可能出现PA不足的情况。现有 越来越多的研究表明，那些认为低PA反映了预期的和不可避免的 衰老过程报告PA参与度较低，但解释这种关系的途径尚不清楚。 而衰老的理论表明，在生命早期采用的负面衰老自我观点(NS-VOA)会变得 健康行为理论在晚年内化和自我充实，强调缺乏参与的动力 PA和不良的自我调节行为是PA行为的驱动力。在这些思想的指导下，拟议的研究 使用密集的内部方法来描述以下关系和潜在机制 PA和NS-VOA在日常生活中展开。 K99年第1年和第2年将使用现有数据来解决目标1和目标2。目标1将描述 NS-VOA的人内差异，测试NS-VOA在四个时间尺度上是否存在显著差异：年、周、 天和时刻(即，在天内)。目标2将检查NS-VOA和PA之间的关系 瞬间的时间尺度。据推测，在NS-VOA的情况下，PA参与度将会降低 比平时更高，强度更高(与更低)的PA和基于设备(与自我)的关系更强 报告)使用PA。目标1和目标2是新颖的面对面评估环境，对理解很重要 快速反应的关系和潜在的机制。R00年第3年将为目标3收集和分析新数据 测试NS-VOA是否通过动机和自我调节因素在日常和瞬间影响PA 时间尺度。这项工作将为R-赠款的准备和提交提供信息(R00年第4年和第5年)，重点是 预防和干预在NS-VOA可能损害PA参与度的关键时刻增加老年人的PA。

PROJECT SUMMARY This five-year plan for a MOSAIC K99/R00 Postdoctoral Career Transition Award will equip Dr. Erica O’Brien with essential knowledge and skills to help launch her career as an independent scientist in health- focused aging research. This qualified candidate seeks to focus her research program on understanding the psycho-social and social cognitive determinants, multi-factorial pathways, and temporal dynamics underlying lifelong engagement in health-promoting behaviors and activities. The career development plan involves scientific training at Pennsylvania State University’s College of Health and Human Development under the mentorship of world-renowned experts in ecological momentary assessments, physical activity, aging/adult development, and health behavior research. The proposed training will supplement Dr. O’Brien’s existing background in studying age-related differences in cognitive engagement and in using diary designs with a foundation in intensive longitudinal methods and technologies as well as in health behavior research. Physical activity (PA) serves as an important behavioral pathway to delayed functional decline, disease, and mortality as well as to improved quality of life and psychological well-being in older age. Yet, many people do not obtain the recommended levels of PA, with insufficient PA being more likely in older adults. Existing studies increasingly indicate that people who believe that low PA reflects an expected and inevitable part of the aging process report lower levels of PA engagement, but the pathways explaining this relationship are unclear. Whereas theories of aging suggest that negative self-views of aging (NS-VOA) adopted earlier in life become internalized and self-fulling later in life, health behavior theories emphasize the lack of motivation to engage in PA and poor self-regulation of PA behavior as driving forces. Guided by these ideas, the proposed research uses an intensive within-person approach to characterize the relationship and underlying mechanisms between PA and NS-VOA as they unfold in daily life. K99 Years 1 and 2 will use existing data to address Aims 1 and 2. Aim 1 will characterize the extent of within-person variation in NS-VOA, testing whether NS-VOA vary significantly on four timescales: years, weeks, days, and moments (i.e., within-days). Aim 2 will examine the association between NS-VOA and PA on daily and momentary timescales. It is hypothesized that PA engagement will be lower on occasions when NS-VOA are higher than usual, with stronger relationships for higher (vs. lower) intensity PA and when device-based (vs. self- reported) PA are used. Aims 1 and 2 are novel, within-person assessment contexts important for understanding fast-acting relationships and underlying mechanisms. R00 Year 3 will collect and analyze new data for Aim 3 to test whether NS-VOA act through motivation and self-regulation factors to influence PA on daily and momentary timescales. This work will inform preparation and submission of an R-grant (R00 Years 4 and 5) that focuses on prevention and intervention to increase older adults’ PA at key times when NS-VOA may impair PA engagement.