Identifying, refining, and testing sexual orientation and gender identity measures to detect and delineate sexual and gender minority populations for population research

项目总结 可接受的衡量性少数群体和性别少数群体(SGM)状况的可靠和有效的方法 对于SGM和非SGM人都需要，以便研究人员能够更准确地捕获和更好地 了解SGM个人的健康状况。目前的措施在如何实施评估方面是有限的 在性取向和性别认同(SOGI)的许多构成领域中，答案的多样性 选择，以及考虑到一个人一生中SOGI领域的变化。此外，性取向领域 (即吸引力、身份、行为)和性别领域(即性别认同、性别表达)经常被评估 导致SGM人口估计的巨大差异，健康风险因素、经验和 结果。 为了更准确地识别SGM人，措施最终必须是所有人都能理解和接受的 人口。这一点在2010年人口普查后得到了强调，人口普查在性别问题上打错了记号 异性伴侣的行为导致了对同性家庭的夸大估计。直到经过充分测试、可靠和 制定了社区可接受的措施，SGM个人的代表性将继续偏低， 在研究中未被充分研究。非SGM个人也将继续受到误判，负担过重。 在本提案中，开发和描述性能特征的混合方法方法 提出了一个可靠、低负担、社区可接受的SGM身份筛选问题。利用两个 大的国家队列，这一战略内的反应准确性以及参与者的理解和 可接受性将通过SGM和非SGM个人之间的迭代定量测试来衡量。 总体假设是，使用SGM状态的筛选器问题，然后进行更具体的后续行动 扩大SGM个人答案选择的测试将减轻非SGM人群的调查负担 同时也允许SGM人被识别和确认。首先，广泛接受的SGM筛查 将使用认知访谈和在线试点测试来开发和试点问题。最佳表演奖 然后将筛查问题与同时给予两套SOGI进行正面比较 措施。最后，SGM地位筛选问题和现有验证性SOGI措施的稳定性和 随着时间的推移，将分析可接受性，以评估以下方面的绩效特征和人口统计学差异 回答选择模式。 准确的识别和包容性的数据收集对于改善结果和减少 差距。总之，拟议的研究将制定一种高绩效、高效率的战略，以确定 SGM人。

PROJECT SUMMARY Reliable and efficient methods of measuring sexual and gender minority (SGM) status, that are acceptable to both SGM and non-SGM people, are needed so that researchers can more accurately capture and better understand the health of SGM individuals. Current measures are limited in how they operationalize assessment of the many constitutive domains of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI), the diversity of answer choices, and in accounting for changes in SOGI domains over one’s life. Further, the sexual orientation domains (i.e., attraction, identity, behavior) and gender domains (i.e., gender identity, gender expression) evaluated often result in wide variation in SGM population estimates, discrepancies in health risk factors, experiences, and outcomes. To more accurately identify SGM people, measures must ultimately be intelligible and acceptable to the entire population. The importance of this was underscored after the 2010 Census, where mismarks on the sex question by opposite-sex couples led to inflated estimates of same-sex households. Until well tested, reliable, and community-acceptable measures are developed, SGM individuals will continue to be underrepresented and understudied in research. Non-SGM individuals will also continue to be miss-measured and overburdened. In this proposal, a mixed methods approach for developing and describing the performance characteristics of a reliable, low-burden, community acceptable SGM status screening question is outlined. Leveraging two large national cohorts, response accuracy within this strategy as well as participant understanding and acceptability will be measured through iterative quantitative testing among both SGM and non-SGM individuals. The overall hypothesis is that using a screener question of SGM status followed by more specific follow-up testing with expanded answer choices for SGM individuals will decrease survey burden for non-SGM people while also allowing SGM people to be identified and affirmed. First, a broadly acceptable SGM screening question will be developed and piloted using cognitive interviews and online pilot testing. The best performing screening question will then be compared head-to-head with simultaneous administration of two set of SOGI measures. Finally, the SGM status screening question and existing confirmatory SOGI measures’ stability and acceptability over time will be analyzed to evaluate performance characteristics and demographic differences in answer choice patterns. Accurate identification and inclusive data collection are critical to improving outcomes and reducing disparities. In summary, the proposed research will develop a high-performing, efficient strategy for identifying SGM people.