Novel Quantitation Approaches of PET & MR Signals

PET 的新颖定量方法

• 批准号: 10263165
• 负责人: Georges El Fakhri
• 金额: $ 30.79万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-30 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10263165
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Abdomen; Acceleration; Algorithms; Alzheimer' s Disease; Beds; Brain; Brain imaging; Breathing; Cardiac; Chest; Custom; Data; Data Correlations; Defect; Detection; Dimensions; Electrocardiogram; Family suidae; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Feedback; Goals; Head; Heart; Heart Abnormalities; Human; Image; Imaging technology; Joints; Least-Squares Analysis; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Medical Imaging; Methods; Modeling; Modernization; Monitor; Morphologic artifacts; Motion; Myocardial; Necrosis; Organ; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Patients; Performance; Phase; Physiological Processes; Positioning Attribute; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radial; Research; Resolution; Sampling; Scanning; Scheme; Signal Transduction; Site; Staging; Study Subject; System; Techniques; Technology; Time; Tissues; Translations; Update; Wireless Technology; Work; attenuation; base; bone; cancer imaging; clinical application; contrast enhanced; data acquisition; design; flexibility; high dimensionality; human subject; image reconstruction; imaging modality; improved; local maxima; molecular imaging; nonhuman primate; novel; patient population; pharmacokinetic model; physical model; preservation; prospective; reconstruction; respiratory; response; soft tissue; tau Proteins; tumor heterogeneity

The intrinsic spatial resolution of modern whole-body PET scanners is about 4 mm. However, the practically achievable resolution of cardiac or abdominal PET imaging may be worse than 10 mm due to inevitable cardiac and respiratory motion. Motion artifacts from head motion are also one of the major hurdles in brain PET. Our work will allow dynamic as well as static imaging in the free- breathing patient while at the same time achieving the intrinsic resolution of PET. This ground- breaking (x2) improvement in spatial resolution will be accomplished while preserving, or sometimes increasing, the sensitivity of PET, which is quite unusual in medical imaging. The importance of the significantly improved accuracy, spatial resolution (i.e., from ~10 mm to ~4 mm) and sensitivity in PET enabled by this TR&D cannot be over emphasized because it will have significant impacts on many clinical applications, including: (1) revealing tumor heterogeneity (e.g., necrotic core), (2) imaging small lung tumors, (3) detecting non-transmural myocardial defects, and (4) staging and monitoring response to therapy in Alzheimer's disease using high-resolution PET imaging of tau. To achieve this goal, we propose novel MR-based PET motion correction and accurate/motion- dependent PET attenuation correction methods using PET/MR. Specifically, for conventional non- time-of-flight PET/MR, we propose to use a novel free-breathing ZTE/multi-echo sequence to obtain continuous attenuation coefficient maps of lungs, bones, fat and soft tissues. For the time-of-flight PET/MR, we propose a maximum a posteriori estimation of activity and attenuation correction factors (MAPAACF) method for robust attenuation coefficient estimation from TOF-PET data. We also propose novel and accurate MR-based motion estimation and tracking methods for imaging different organs with either rigid or non-rigid motion. Finally, we propose a novel low-rank tensor- based MR acceleration method that captures data correlation in multiple dimensions to significantly reduce MR imaging time.

现代全身PET扫描仪的固有空间分辨率约为4 mm。 心脏或腹部PET成像的实际可实现的分辨率可能低于10 mm 由于不可避免的心脏和呼吸运动。来自头部运动的运动伪影也是 脑部PET的主要障碍。我们的工作将允许动态以及静态成像在自由- 呼吸患者，同时实现PET的固有分辨率。这片土地- 空间分辨率的突破性（x2）改进将被实现，同时保持，或者有时 增加PET的灵敏度，这在医学成像中是非常不寻常的。的重要性 显著提高的精度，空间分辨率（即，从~10 mm到~4 mm）， 本TR&D启用的PET不能被过分强调，因为它将对 许多临床应用包括：（1）揭示肿瘤异质性（例如，坏死核心），（2） 成像小的肺肿瘤，（3）检测非透壁性心肌缺损，（4）分期和 使用tau的高分辨率PET成像监测阿尔茨海默病治疗的反应。到 为了实现这一目标，我们提出了新的基于MR的PET运动校正和精确/运动- 使用PET/MR的依赖PET衰减校正方法。 飞行时间PET/MR，我们建议使用一种新的自由呼吸ZTE/多回波序列，以获得 肺、骨骼、脂肪和软组织的连续衰减系数图。对于飞行时间 PET/MR，我们提出了一个最大后验估计的活动和衰减校正 因子（MAPAACF）方法，用于根据TOF-PET数据进行稳健的衰减系数估计。我们 还提出了新的和准确的基于MR的运动估计和跟踪方法，用于成像 不同器官的刚性或非刚性运动。最后，我们提出了一个新的低秩张量- 基于MR的加速方法，在多个维度上捕获数据相关性， 减少MR成像时间。