Determining the role of social reward learning in social anhedonia in first-episode psychosis using motivational interviewing as a probe in a perturbation-based neuroimaging approach

社交快感缺乏- 相互作用，构成了一个重大的公共卫生挑战。它被认为是最普遍的， 包括精神病在内的严重精神疾病的衰弱特征。社交快感缺失会影响 精神病的社会功能，但目前还没有可用的治疗方法，针对这种衰弱 享乐赤字我们对社会性快感缺乏的潜在机制的有限理解， 发展和评估针对社会快感缺失的干预措施的障碍。本申请旨在 通过探索一个被假设为社交快感缺失的核心过程来解决这种知识的缺乏： 扰乱了社会奖励学习。 我们从两条互补的工作路线发展了我们的假设：社会快感缺乏的理论模型 以及情感神经科学和行为神经科学越来越多的研究成果。到 研究社会奖励学习和社会快感缺失之间的假设关系，这两个网站 研究将招募富集社交快感缺失的样品（即，那些在两年内第一次 精神病发作）并采用基于扰动的神经成像方法。关系的特殊性 将从两个方面来研究对社会奖励的敏感性降低与社会性快感缺乏之间的关系。一是 采用两个社会奖励学习任务，每个任务都有社会和非社会奖励条件。二是 将干扰社会奖励学习使用动机面试作为探针，旨在增加 特别是对社会奖励的敏感性。 受试者将以1：1的比例随机分配至MI组或时间和格式匹配的对照探头组。在探测前后， 参与者将在扫描仪中执行两项社会奖励学习任务。我们将研究 对社会奖励的敏感性和对社会快乐的主观体验的减少之间的关系， 行为和神经水平。该项目的发现将允许直接推断潜在的 机制，而不仅仅是证明社会奖励敏感性和 社交快感缺失因此，该项目的发现将为机制途径提供有价值的见解 社会性快感缺失，可以提供新的神经行为表型，可以作为目标， 生物标志物用于开发新的治疗方法。此外，社交快感缺失症不仅限于严重的精神疾病， 因为一些患有其他精神障碍的人和没有精神疾病的人报告了社交快感缺失。的 这个项目的发现将是有价值的，我们未来的努力，以确定是否相同的基础 机制是否与不同条件和人群的社会性快感缺失有关。

Social anhedonia—a reduced tendency to enjoy interpersonal relationships and/or reduced interest in social interactions—poses a significant public health challenge. It is considered one of the most pervasive and debilitating features of severe mental illness, including psychosis. Social anhedonia substantially influences social functioning in psychosis, but currently there are no available treatments that target this debilitating hedonic deficit. Our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of social anhedonia presents a major obstacle for developing and evaluating interventions that target social anhedonia. This application aims to tackle this lack of knowledge by probing a process that is hypothesized to be central to social anhedonia: disrupted social reward learning. We developed our hypothesis from two complementary lines of work: a theoretical model of social anhedonia in psychosis and a growing body of work from affective neuroscience and behavioral neuroscience. To examine this hypothesized relationship between social reward learning and social anhedonia, this two-site study will recruit a sample enriched for social anhedonia (i.e., individuals who are within two years of their first psychotic episode) and employ a perturbation-based neuroimaging approach. The specificity of the relationship between reduced sensitivity to social reward and social anhedonia will be examined in two ways. First, we will employ two social reward learning tasks, each with both social and nonsocial reward conditions. Second, we will perturb social reward learning using Motivational Interviewing as a probe that is designed to increase sensitivity specifically to social reward. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to MI or a time- and format-matched control probe. At pre- and post-probe, participants will perform two social reward learning tasks in the scanner. We will examine the relationship between sensitivity to social reward and reduced subjective experience of social pleasure at both the behavioral and neural levels. The findings of this project will allow direct inferences about underlying mechanisms beyond demonstrating only the cross-sectional correlations between social reward sensitivity and social anhedonia. Thus, the findings of this project will provide valuable insights into the mechanistic pathways of social anhedonia and could provide novel neurobehavioral phenotypes that can serve as targets and biomarkers for developing novel treatments. Further, social anhedonia is not limited to severe mental illness, as some individuals with other mental disorders and also without mental illness report social anhedonia. The findings of this project will be valuable for our future efforts to determine whether the same underlying mechanism is related to social anhedonia across conditions and populations or not.