Determining the role of social reward learning in social anhedonia in first-episode psychosis using motivational interviewing as a probe in a perturbation-based neuroimaging approach

社交快感缺失--享受人际关系的倾向降低和/或对社交的兴趣降低 相互作用--对公共卫生构成重大挑战。它被认为是最普遍和最 严重精神疾病的使人衰弱的特征，包括精神病。社交快感缺乏症对 精神病的社会功能，但目前还没有针对这种衰弱的可用的治疗方法 享乐主义缺陷。我们对社会性快感缺乏症的潜在机制的有限理解提出了一个主要的 制定和评估针对社会性快感缺乏的干预措施的障碍。此应用程序旨在 通过探索一个被认为是社交快感缺失的核心过程，来解决这种缺乏知识的问题： 扰乱了社会奖励学习。 我们从两个相辅相成的工作方向发展了我们的假设：社交快感缺乏症的理论模型 以及越来越多来自情感神经科学和行为神经科学的研究成果。至 研究一下社交奖励学习和社交快感缺乏之间的假设关系，这两个网站 这项研究将招募社交快感缺乏症的丰富样本(即，在第一次社交快感缺乏两年内的个人 精神病发作)，并采用基于扰动的神经成像方法。这种关系的特殊性 对社会奖励的敏感度降低和社交快感减退之间的关系将通过两种方式进行检验。首先，我们将 使用两个社会奖励学习任务，每个任务都有社会奖励和非社会奖励条件。第二，我们 是否会扰乱社会奖励学习，将动机面试作为一种旨在增加 对社会奖励特别敏感。 参与者将被随机分为1：1的MI或时间和格式匹配的对照探头。在探测之前和之后， 参与者将在扫描仪中执行两项社会奖励学习任务。我们将考察两国关系 在对社会奖励的敏感度和对社会快乐的主观体验减少之间 行为和神经层面。这个项目的发现将允许直接推断潜在的 机制不仅仅是证明了社会奖励敏感度和社会奖励敏感度之间的横截面相关性 社交快感缺乏症。因此，这个项目的发现将对机械途径提供有价值的见解。 可以提供新的神经行为表型，可以作为靶点和 用于开发新治疗方法的生物标志物。此外，社交快感缺乏症不仅限于严重的精神疾病， 正如一些患有其他精神障碍和没有精神疾病的人所报告的那样，他们患有社交快感缺乏。这个 该项目的发现将对我们未来的工作有价值，以确定相同的潜在 发病机制是否与跨条件、跨人群的社会性快感缺乏有关。

Social anhedonia—a reduced tendency to enjoy interpersonal relationships and/or reduced interest in social interactions—poses a significant public health challenge. It is considered one of the most pervasive and debilitating features of severe mental illness, including psychosis. Social anhedonia substantially influences social functioning in psychosis, but currently there are no available treatments that target this debilitating hedonic deficit. Our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of social anhedonia presents a major obstacle for developing and evaluating interventions that target social anhedonia. This application aims to tackle this lack of knowledge by probing a process that is hypothesized to be central to social anhedonia: disrupted social reward learning. We developed our hypothesis from two complementary lines of work: a theoretical model of social anhedonia in psychosis and a growing body of work from affective neuroscience and behavioral neuroscience. To examine this hypothesized relationship between social reward learning and social anhedonia, this two-site study will recruit a sample enriched for social anhedonia (i.e., individuals who are within two years of their first psychotic episode) and employ a perturbation-based neuroimaging approach. The specificity of the relationship between reduced sensitivity to social reward and social anhedonia will be examined in two ways. First, we will employ two social reward learning tasks, each with both social and nonsocial reward conditions. Second, we will perturb social reward learning using Motivational Interviewing as a probe that is designed to increase sensitivity specifically to social reward. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to MI or a time- and format-matched control probe. At pre- and post-probe, participants will perform two social reward learning tasks in the scanner. We will examine the relationship between sensitivity to social reward and reduced subjective experience of social pleasure at both the behavioral and neural levels. The findings of this project will allow direct inferences about underlying mechanisms beyond demonstrating only the cross-sectional correlations between social reward sensitivity and social anhedonia. Thus, the findings of this project will provide valuable insights into the mechanistic pathways of social anhedonia and could provide novel neurobehavioral phenotypes that can serve as targets and biomarkers for developing novel treatments. Further, social anhedonia is not limited to severe mental illness, as some individuals with other mental disorders and also without mental illness report social anhedonia. The findings of this project will be valuable for our future efforts to determine whether the same underlying mechanism is related to social anhedonia across conditions and populations or not.