Mapping links between real-world diversity, positive emotion, and neural dynamics in anhedonia

项目总结 积极情绪降低是许多与压力相关的精神障碍的核心症状，包括抑郁症。 和创伤后应激障碍。关键的是，积极的情感并不是简单的消极情感的反面，临床医生正在努力增加 积极影响：抗抑郁药物和心理治疗干预通常会减少抑郁情绪，但 在增加积极情绪方面效果不佳。然而，对患者本身的定性研究表明， 康复需要增加积极情绪，即使其他抑郁症状已经消退。 尽管积极情绪的关键作用，但非常有限的工作确定了有效的干预措施，以增加 现实世界对改善心理健康的积极影响。在临床前工作的指导下，我们最近发现 当去到更多不同的地方时，积极的情绪会增加(“体验多样性”)。 此外，体验多样性和积极情感之间的联系似乎得到了明确的支持 通过海马体和伏隔核之间的功能连接--一种应激敏感回路 负责将奖励价值分配给新奇事物。这一发现表明，不断增加的体验多样性 可能是一种看似合理的现实世界干预，通过加强特定的神经回路来增加积极影响。 利用一支强大的团队，他们在移动跟踪、静息状态fMRI、治疗等方面拥有免费的专业知识 开发和情感科学，这个R01应用程序将在很大程度上扩展这些初步发现， 人口统计学上具有代表性的样本，包括一系列快感缺失严重程度(从无症状到 Severe)收集地理位置(GPS)、情感体验采样和功能MRI，以：(1)精确 勾勒出体验多样性的特定地理空间特征，与瞬间多样性的增加最密切相关 (EMA测量)积极影响(例如，从未访问过的社区、绿地、海滩/海洋)；(2) 确定快感缺乏症水平较高的个体是否从这些类型的 经验多样性作为个体具有较低的经验多样性；(3)确定神经网络回路 支持体验多样性和情感之间作为快感缺失的函数的关联的机制；以及 (4)在一个独立的样本中，实验诱导体验多样性，以确定它是否会导致 积极的影响。这项应用的结果将有助于定义探索和 体验多样性预测积极情绪的增加，并将产生可行的现实世界干预措施 改善快感缺乏症患者积极情绪的临床试验。

PROJECT SUMMARY Reduced positive affect is a core symptom of many stress-related psychiatric disorders, including depression and PTSD. Critically, positive affect is not simply the inverse of negative affect, and clinicians struggle to increase positive affect: Antidepressant and psychotherapeutic interventions often reduce depressed mood but are ineffective at increasing positive affect. And yet, qualitative studies of patients themselves indicate that a ‘full recovery’ requires increasing positive emotion, even when other depressive symptoms have subsided. Despite the critical role of positive emotion, very limited work has identified effective interventions to increase real-world positive affect to improve mental health. Guided by preclinical work, we recently discovered that positive affect is increased when going to a greater number of varied locations (“experiential diversity”). Moreover, the association between experiential diversity and positive affect appears to be supported specifically by functional connectivity between the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens–a stress susceptible circuit responsible for assigning reward value to novelty. This finding suggests that increasing experiential diversity may be a plausible real-world intervention to increase positive affect by strengthening specific neural circuits. Leveraging a strong team with complimentary expertise in mobile tracking, resting state fMRI, treatment development, and affective science, this R01 application will expand these initial findings in a large, demographically representative sample encompassing a range of anhedonia severity (from asymptomatic to severe) collecting geolocation (GPS), experience sampling of emotion, and functional MRI to, (1) precisely delineate the specific geospatial features of experiential diversity most strongly linked to increases in momentary (EMA measured) positive affect (e.g., neighborhoods one has never visited, green spaces, beach/ocean); (2) determine whether individuals with higher levels of anhedonia have similar affective benefits from these types of experiential diversity as individuals with lower experiential diversity; (3) determine the neural network circuit mechanisms supporting associations between experiential diversity and affect as a function of anhedonia; and (4) in an independent sample, experimentally induce experiential diversity to determine if it causes increased positive affect. Results from this application will help to define the neural mechanisms by which exploration and experiential diversity predict increases in positive affect and will yield actionable real-world interventions for a clinical trial to improve positive affect in those with heightened anhedonia.