Mapping links between real-world diversity, positive emotion, and neural dynamics in anhedonia

项目摘要 积极情感的减少是许多与压力相关的精神疾病的核心症状，包括抑郁症 和创伤后应激障碍重要的是，积极情感并不是消极情感的简单逆，临床医生努力增加 积极的影响：抗抑郁药和心理治疗干预通常会减轻抑郁情绪， 在增加积极影响方面无效。然而，对患者本身的定性研究表明， “恢复”需要增加积极情绪，即使其他抑郁症状已经消退。 尽管积极情绪的关键作用，非常有限的工作已经确定了有效的干预措施，以增加 真实世界的积极影响，以改善心理健康。在临床前工作的指导下，我们最近发现， 当去更多不同的地方时，积极的影响会增加（“体验多样性”）。 此外，经验多样性和积极影响之间的联系似乎得到了特别的支持 通过海马体和脑桥核之间的功能连接-一个应激敏感回路 负责为新奇事物分配奖励值。这一发现表明，增加经验的多样性， 这可能是一种合理的现实干预，通过加强特定的神经回路来增加积极的影响。 利用强大的团队，在移动的跟踪、静息状态功能磁共振成像、治疗 发展，情感科学，这个R 01应用程序将扩大这些初步发现在一个大的， 包括一系列快感缺失严重程度（从无症状到 严重）收集地理定位（GPS），情感体验采样和功能性MRI，（1）精确 描绘出体验多样性的特定地理空间特征，这些特征与瞬间的增加最密切相关。 (EMA测量的）积极影响（例如，一个人从未去过的社区，绿色空间，海滩/海洋）;（2） 确定具有较高水平快感缺乏的个体是否从这些类型的情感中获得类似的情感益处。 经验多样性较低的个体;（3）确定神经网络回路 支持经验多样性与作为快感缺失功能的情感之间的关联的机制;以及 (4)在一个独立样本中，通过实验诱导经验多样性，以确定它是否会导致增加 积极的影响从这个应用程序的结果将有助于定义的神经机制，探索和 经验多样性预测积极影响的增加，并将产生可操作的现实世界干预措施， 临床试验，以改善那些高度快感缺失的积极影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY Reduced positive affect is a core symptom of many stress-related psychiatric disorders, including depression and PTSD. Critically, positive affect is not simply the inverse of negative affect, and clinicians struggle to increase positive affect: Antidepressant and psychotherapeutic interventions often reduce depressed mood but are ineffective at increasing positive affect. And yet, qualitative studies of patients themselves indicate that a ‘full recovery’ requires increasing positive emotion, even when other depressive symptoms have subsided. Despite the critical role of positive emotion, very limited work has identified effective interventions to increase real-world positive affect to improve mental health. Guided by preclinical work, we recently discovered that positive affect is increased when going to a greater number of varied locations (“experiential diversity”). Moreover, the association between experiential diversity and positive affect appears to be supported specifically by functional connectivity between the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens–a stress susceptible circuit responsible for assigning reward value to novelty. This finding suggests that increasing experiential diversity may be a plausible real-world intervention to increase positive affect by strengthening specific neural circuits. Leveraging a strong team with complimentary expertise in mobile tracking, resting state fMRI, treatment development, and affective science, this R01 application will expand these initial findings in a large, demographically representative sample encompassing a range of anhedonia severity (from asymptomatic to severe) collecting geolocation (GPS), experience sampling of emotion, and functional MRI to, (1) precisely delineate the specific geospatial features of experiential diversity most strongly linked to increases in momentary (EMA measured) positive affect (e.g., neighborhoods one has never visited, green spaces, beach/ocean); (2) determine whether individuals with higher levels of anhedonia have similar affective benefits from these types of experiential diversity as individuals with lower experiential diversity; (3) determine the neural network circuit mechanisms supporting associations between experiential diversity and affect as a function of anhedonia; and (4) in an independent sample, experimentally induce experiential diversity to determine if it causes increased positive affect. Results from this application will help to define the neural mechanisms by which exploration and experiential diversity predict increases in positive affect and will yield actionable real-world interventions for a clinical trial to improve positive affect in those with heightened anhedonia.