Genomic Diversity and the Architectures of Adaptation and Incompatibility

项目摘要：基因组多样性与适应和不相容的体系结构 这项研究计划解决了在基因与基因之间的界面上尚未解决的基本问题 变异和进化过程。它特别关注三个相互关联的研究主题：(1) 适应性性状进化的遗传复杂性，(2)早期繁殖的遗传基础 分离，以及(3)基因组多样性和适应潜力的决定因素。它融合了雄心勃勃的 用新的方法分析大型基因组数据集的高性价比果蝇实验。 D.Blackogaster为这项工作提供了关键优势。这一物种的全球扩张使 的种群之间的适应性特征差异和部分生殖隔离的研究 过去的一万年。由于这种最近的时间尺度，可以从遗传变异中检测到适应性差异。 果蝇的实验效率使研究跨越多代的大型实验室群体成为可能。 其紧凑的基因组可以进行经济的测序。一旦发现相关基因，功能确认 和研究得到了注释良好的基因组和丰富的遗传资源和转基因工具的帮助。 这项研究将有助于理解适应性特征进化的遗传复杂性。首字母 研究结果表明，对适应的描述通常始于长期的遗传变异，包括 具有更大效应大小的变异，并具有不同个体之间的不同遗传结构。建议的工作 将在多个方面巩固和扩展这些推论，包括启动放大的地图研究 关于更广泛的适应性特征，并追寻先前涉及适应性变异的上位性暗示。 拟议的工作也将为早期遗传学基础的研究开辟一个有前途的新系统。 生殖隔离。非洲和欧洲的黑腹金龟子显示出不相容影响的证据 生存能力和繁殖能力，但这些都没有得到任何遗传学研究。这项研究将部署一种组合 不亲和性图谱和群体基因组学来识别特定的不亲和性基因以供进一步研究， 它将促进对生殖隔离最早阶段的遗传结构的理解。 最后，这项研究将阐明基因组多样性和适应潜力的决定因素。这 工作将以中性和适应性遗传的相对作用的实验和计算研究为特色 未来适应的多样性，以及量化每一种多样性的最相关方法。它还将调查这名亲属 不同类型的自然选择在塑造基因组多样性方面的重要性，包括通过探索 种群之间的遗传分化，以分离正选择和负选择的信号。 总体而言，这项研究对基础进化遗传学具有重要意义。它还坚固地保持着 就局部适应和上位性与人类遗传基础的相关性而言的医学相关性 疾病和不孕不育，以及了解昆虫病媒的进化动态。

Project Summary: Genomic Diversity and the Architectures of Adaptation and Incompatibility This research program addresses fundamental yet unresolved questions at the interface between genetic variation and evolutionary processes. In particular, it focuses on three interconnected research themes: (1) The Genetic Complexity of Adaptive Trait Evolution, (2) The Genetic Basis of Early Stage Reproductive Isolation, and (3) The Determinants of Genomic Diversity and Adaptive Potential. It fuses ambitious but cost-effective Drosophila experiments with novel approaches to the analysis of large genomic data sets. D. melanogaster offers critical advantages for this work. The global expansion of this species enables the study of adaptive trait differences, and partial reproductive isolation, between populations that diverged in the last ~10,000 years. Due to this recent time-scale, adaptive differences may be detected from genetic variation. The experimental efficiency of Drosophila allows the study of large lab populations across many generations. Its compact genome allows economical sequencing. Once relevant genes are found, functional confirmation and study are aided by a well-annotated genome and a wealth of genetic resources and transgenic tools. This research will bolster understanding of The Genetic Complexity of Adaptive Trait Evolution. Initial findings have suggested a portrait of adaptation that often begins with standing genetic variation, includes variants with larger effect sizes, and features variable genetic architectures among individuals. Proposed work will solidify and extend these inferences in multiple respects, including by launching scaled-up mapping studies for a wider range of adaptive traits, and pursuing previous hints of epistasis involving adaptive variants. Proposed work will also open up a promising new system for studying The Genetic Basis of Early Stage Reproductive Isolation. African and European D. melanogaster show evidence of incompatibilities impacting viability and reproduction, but these have received no genetic study. This research will deploy a combination of incompatibility mapping and population genomics to identify specific incompatibility genes for further study, and it will advance understanding of the genetic architecture of the earliest stages of reproductive isolation. Finally, this research will clarify The Determinants of Genomic Diversity and Adaptive Potential. This work will feature experimental and computational studies on the relative roles of neutral and adaptive genetic diversity in future adaptation, and the most relevant ways to quantify each. It will also investigate the relative importance of different types of natural selection in shaping genomic diversity, including by probing the utility of genetic differentiation between populations to separate the signals of positive and negative selection. Collectively, this research is highly consequential for basic evolutionary genetics. It also holds strong medical relevance in terms of the relevance of local adaptation and epistasis for the genetic basis of human disease and infertility, and for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of insect disease vectors.