Artificial Intelligent Augmented Reality Police E-Trainer for Culturally Competent De-Escalation and Non-Lethal Force Police Training to Eradicate Police Violence Against Black Males

项目总结/摘要 在美国，警察对黑人男性的暴力行为，这是一个公共卫生差距[37]。物理& 由执法系统在结构上介导的心理暴力，导致死亡，受伤， 创伤和压力对美国黑人的影响不成比例。 美国国家科学院院刊，美国人被警察杀害的风险是黑人最高的 男性，他们一生中被警察杀害的几率为千分之一。白色男性约为2500分之一 在他们的一生中被警察杀死的机会，拉丁美洲男子的机会约为1,900分之一。女性不太可能 男人被警察杀死。她们一生中的风险约为1/33 000，而男性为1/2 000。而且黑 在美国，被执法部门杀害的可能性是白人的3.5倍， 1,000名黑人将死于警察之手在马里兰州的巴尔的摩，司法部（DOJ） 在一份163页的报告中透露，非裔美国人是巴尔的摩警方的目标和虐待对象， 针对黑人公民的阴谋。疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）估计， 执法部门的致命和非致命伤害成本约为18亿美元，包括医疗费用和工作损失。 公共卫生政策专家建议，应实施强制性培训，以减少 执法人员对有色人种的歧视。然而，人们对内隐偏见的影响知之甚少 对行为的影响，没有实验研究已经进行了测量的影响，内隐偏见减少 执法人员的干预。同样，警官接受的降级培训有限; 培训工作遭到警察局长和国家警察兄弟会的抵制。 在NIH SBIR第1阶段的工作中，Juxtopia团队将解决上述公共卫生差异 通过调查技术/商业，帮助减轻警察对黑人男性的暴力 工程Juxtopia® CAMMRAD警察增强现实（AR）护目镜的可行性， 智能（AI）警察电子培训师和电子评估员，基于Juxtopia®增强现实（AR） 硬件/软件平台，以实现以下SBIR第一阶段的具体目标。 A. CAMMRAD警察原型，对警察进行降级和使用非致命武力的电子培训/电子评价： B。评估CAMMRAD警察w/巴尔的摩警察在控制和严峻的设置在学习阶段。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Police violence against black males, in the United States (U.S.), is a public health disparity [37]. Physical & psychological violence that is structurally mediated by systems of law enforcement, results in deaths, injuries, trauma, and stress that disproportionately affect blacks in the U.S. According to a 2019 study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Americans’ risk of being killed by police is highest for black men, who face ~1 in 1,000 chance of being killed by police over their lifetime. White men have ~1 in 2,500 chance of being killed by police over their lifetime, and Latino men a ~1 in 1,900 chance. Women less likely than men to be killed by police. Their lifetime risk is ~1 in 33,000, compared to 1 in 2,000 for men. Moreover, black men, in the U.S., are up to 3.5 times more likely than whites to be killed by law enforcement; and 1 in every 1,000 black men will die at the hands of police. In Baltimore, Maryland (MD), The Department of Justice (DOJ) revealed, in a 163 page report, that African Americans were targeted and abused by Baltimore police indicating a conspiracy against black citizens. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates the overall cost of fatal and nonfatal injuries, by law enforcement, is ~$1.8 billion including medical costs and work lost. Public health policy experts suggest that mandatory training shall be implemented to reduce implicit bias of law enforcement officers against communities of color. However, little is known about effects of implicit biases on behavior, and no experimental studies have been conducted to measure the impact of implicit bias reduction interventions among law enforcement officers. Likewise, officers receive limited de-escalation training; w/training efforts met w/ resistance from police chiefs & national Fraternal Order of Police. During the NIH SBIR Phase 1 effort, Juxtopia team will address the aforementioned public health disparity to help mitigate the police violence endemic against black males by investigating the technical/commercial feasibility of engineering Juxtopia® CAMMRAD Police augmented reality (AR) goggles to distribute an artificial intelligent (AI) police e-trainer & e-evaluator, built upon the Juxtopia® augmented reality (AR) hardware/software platform to achieve the following SBIR Phase I Specific Aims. A. Prototype CAMMRAD Police to e-train/e-evaluate police on de-escalation & use of non-lethal force: B. Evaluate CAMMRAD Police w/ Baltimore police in controlled & austere settings during learning stages.