Smoking-related Differences in Baroreflex Sensitivity and Fear Inhibition in Adults Who Do and Do Not Smoke Cigarettes

项目摘要/摘要 有证据表明，焦虑的吸烟者戒烟成功率较低，并占更大比例的 与烟草有关的疾病和残疾强调有必要确定支撑这一点的共同因素。 在这一弱势群体中，共同患病和改善结果。针对香烟使用的研究倡议 焦虑在很大程度上忽视了促进身体和大脑交流的生理机制， 尽管他们承诺成为可延展的干预目标。为了解决这一差距，需要进行以下研究设计 描述(1)吸烟对支持身体-大脑交流的生理过程的影响 以及(2)这些损伤是如何在人体模型中赋予焦虑风险的。 这个应用程序提出压力反射，一个描绘得很清楚的反馈环路，身体-大脑通过它 在吸烟者身上会发生交流，很可能会受到损害，因此可能会破坏核心 会带来焦虑风险的学习过程。拟议的研究将包括一次面对面的实验室访问。 在此期间，66名参与者(33名吸烟者和33名非吸烟者)将完成恐惧条件反射范式 同时评估压力反射功能。因变量包括：(1)通过索引的压力反射函数 心电图仪和血压数据和(2)通过皮肤电导反应指示的恐惧抑制 在范式的灭绝训练阶段。方差分析、线性回归和中介 模拟将被用来检验吸烟者和非吸烟者之间压力感受器反射功能的群体差异 (目标1)，压力感受器反射功能与恐惧抑制之间的关系(目标2)，以及直接和间接 吸烟状态通过压力感受器反射对恐惧抑制的影响(目标3)。调查结果将得到完善 了解与焦虑、吸烟及其高度并存有关的生理过程。 申请者正在申请F31奖项，以接受关于设计和实施的高素质培训 以机制为重点的成瘾研究(目标1)、焦虑病理学的翻译模型(目标2)、 心理生理学解释和分析(目标3)和专业发展(目标4)。这项研究 和培训计划将为申请者未来的研究方向奠定基础，以审查实质内容- 生理功能的相关损害会增加焦虑的风险，并维持物质使用行为。 获得F31奖学金将使申请者从耗费大量时间的助教职位上解脱出来 有效开展研究，在成瘾科学领域建立强大的跨学科网络。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Evidence that anxious smokers experience lower cessation success and account for a greater proportion of tobacco-related disease and disability underscores the need to identify common factors that underlie this comorbidity and improve outcomes in this vulnerable population. Research initiatives addressing cigarette use and anxiety have largely overlooked physiological mechanisms that facilitate body-brain communication, despite their promise as malleable intervention targets. To address this gap, study designs are needed that characterize (1) the effects of cigarette use on physiological processes that support body-brain communication and (2) how these impairments confer anxiety risk in human models. This application proposes that the baroreflex, a well-delineated feedback loop through which body-brain communication occurs, is likely to be impaired in cigarette smokers and, as a result, may undermine core learning processes that confer anxiety risk. The proposed study will involve a single in-person laboratory visit during which 66 participants (n=33 smokers; n=33 non-smokers) will complete a fear conditioning paradigm while baroreflex function assessed. Dependent variables include: (1) baroreflex function indexed via electrocardiograph and blood pressure data and (2) fear inhibition indexed via skin conductance response during the paradigm’s extinction training phase. Analysis of variance, linear regression, and mediation modeling will be used to examine group differences in baroreflex function between smokers and non-smokers (Aim 1), the relationship between baroreflex function and fear inhibition (Aim 2), and the direct and indirect effects of smoking status on fear inhibition through the baroreflex (Aim 3), respectively. Findings will refine knowledge of physiological processes implicated in anxiety, smoking, and their high comorbidity. The applicant is applying for an F31 award to receive high caliber training in the design and implementation of mechanism-focused addiction research (Goal 1), translational models of anxiety pathology (Goal 2), psychophysiological interpretation and analysis (Goal 3), and professional development (Goal 4). The research and training plan will lay the foundation for the applicant’s future line of research to examine how substance- related impairments in physiological function promote anxiety risk and maintain substance use behavior. Receiving an F31 fellowship will relieve the applicant from her time-intensive teaching assistant position to effectively to conduct research and establish a strong interdisciplinary network in the addiction science field.