Smoking-related Differences in Baroreflex Sensitivity and Fear Inhibition in Adults Who Do and Do Not Smoke Cigarettes

吸烟和不吸烟的成年人压力感受反射敏感性和恐惧抑制的与吸烟相关的差异

• 批准号: 10607239
• 负责人: Hannah Brinkman
• 金额: $ 4.55万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10607239
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anatomy; Animal Experimentation; Animals; Anxiety; Award; Back; Baroreflex; Behavior; Behavioral; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain region; Caliber; Cardiovascular Physiology; Cardiovascular system; Central Nervous System; Chronic; Cigarette Smoker; Cognitive; Collection; Communication; Cues; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Disease; Emotional; Ensure; Etiology; Exhibits; Extinction; Feedback; Fellowship; Foundations; Fright; Future; Galvanic Skin Response; Goals; Health; Health behavior; Heart; Heart Rate; High Prevalence; Human; Impairment; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Linear Regressions; Measures; Mediation; Methods; Modeling; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pathologic; Pathology; Peripheral; Peripheral Nervous System; Persons; Phase; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Positioning Attribute; Process; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Research; Research Design; Respiratory physiology; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Science; Seminal; Signal Transduction; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Status; Time; Tobacco; Training; Translating; Visceral; Visit; Vulnerable Populations; Work; addiction; anxiety symptoms; anxious; behavioral response; cigarette smoking; comorbidity; conditioned fear; design; disability; experience; experimental study; human model; improved; improved outcome; indexing; insight; negative affect; neural; nicotine use; non-smoker; response; smoking prevalence; substance use; success; teaching assistant; translational model

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Evidence that anxious smokers experience lower cessation success and account for a greater proportion of tobacco-related disease and disability underscores the need to identify common factors that underlie this comorbidity and improve outcomes in this vulnerable population. Research initiatives addressing cigarette use and anxiety have largely overlooked physiological mechanisms that facilitate body-brain communication, despite their promise as malleable intervention targets. To address this gap, study designs are needed that characterize (1) the effects of cigarette use on physiological processes that support body-brain communication and (2) how these impairments confer anxiety risk in human models. This application proposes that the baroreflex, a well-delineated feedback loop through which body-brain communication occurs, is likely to be impaired in cigarette smokers and, as a result, may undermine core learning processes that confer anxiety risk. The proposed study will involve a single in-person laboratory visit during which 66 participants (n=33 smokers; n=33 non-smokers) will complete a fear conditioning paradigm while baroreflex function assessed. Dependent variables include: (1) baroreflex function indexed via electrocardiograph and blood pressure data and (2) fear inhibition indexed via skin conductance response during the paradigm’s extinction training phase. Analysis of variance, linear regression, and mediation modeling will be used to examine group differences in baroreflex function between smokers and non-smokers (Aim 1), the relationship between baroreflex function and fear inhibition (Aim 2), and the direct and indirect effects of smoking status on fear inhibition through the baroreflex (Aim 3), respectively. Findings will refine knowledge of physiological processes implicated in anxiety, smoking, and their high comorbidity. The applicant is applying for an F31 award to receive high caliber training in the design and implementation of mechanism-focused addiction research (Goal 1), translational models of anxiety pathology (Goal 2), psychophysiological interpretation and analysis (Goal 3), and professional development (Goal 4). The research and training plan will lay the foundation for the applicant’s future line of research to examine how substance- related impairments in physiological function promote anxiety risk and maintain substance use behavior. Receiving an F31 fellowship will relieve the applicant from her time-intensive teaching assistant position to effectively to conduct research and establish a strong interdisciplinary network in the addiction science field.

项目总结/摘要 有证据表明，焦虑的吸烟者戒烟成功率较低， 与烟草有关的疾病和残疾突出表明，有必要确定造成这一问题的共同因素， 在这一弱势群体中实现共同发展并改善结果。针对吸烟问题的研究举措 和焦虑在很大程度上忽略了促进身体-大脑交流的生理机制， 尽管他们承诺作为可塑性干预目标。为了解决这一差距，需要进行研究设计， 描述（1）吸烟对支持身体-大脑交流的生理过程的影响 以及（2）这些损伤如何在人类模型中赋予焦虑风险。 这个应用程序提出，压力感受器反射，一个良好描绘的反馈回路，通过它的身体-大脑 在吸烟者中，这种沟通可能会受到损害，因此，可能会破坏核心 学习过程带来焦虑风险。拟定的研究将包括一次亲自实验室访视 在此期间，66名参与者（n=33名吸烟者; n=33名非吸烟者）将完成恐惧条件反射范式 同时测定压力反射功能。因变量包括：（1）压力感受性反射功能指数通过 心电图和血压数据和（2）通过皮肤电导反应指数化的恐惧抑制 在模式的灭绝训练阶段。方差分析、线性回归和中介 模型将被用来检查吸烟者和非吸烟者之间压力反射功能的组差异 (Aim 1）、压力感受性反射功能与恐惧抑制的关系（目的2），以及压力感受性反射功能与恐惧抑制的直接和间接关系 吸烟状态对压力感受性反射引起的恐惧抑制的影响（目的3）。调查结果将完善 了解与焦虑、吸烟及其高并发症有关的生理过程。 申请人正在申请F31奖，以接受设计和实施 以机制为中心的成瘾研究（目标1），焦虑病理学的转化模型（目标2）， 心理生理学解释和分析（目标3）以及专业发展（目标4）。研究 培训计划将为申请人未来的研究奠定基础，以研究物质如何- 生理功能的相关损伤会增加焦虑风险并维持物质使用行为。 获得F31奖学金将使申请人摆脱时间密集的助教职位， 有效地开展研究，并在成瘾科学领域建立强大的跨学科网络。