Latent profiles of prenatal exposure to toxic metals and psychosocial risk and protective factors: testing associations with child developmental outcomes and moderations by caregiving experience

项目摘要 胎儿和婴儿敏感期有毒金属暴露与心理社会应激源 儿童认知和社会情感发展较差。还有证据 调节有毒金属与心理和社会压力之间的影响， 金属对发育的影响可能取决于心理和社会压力，反之亦然。 由于身体、心理和社会风险因素往往聚集在一起，因此对联合暴露的研究可能 更加生态有效。虽然先前的研究已经利用双向统计相互作用来检查这些 尽管这些模型具有多种综合效应，但它们仍然无法认识到个体同时暴露于多种 自然和社会环境中的风险和保护因素。以前的研究也未能 严格测试怀孕经历在多大程度上可以减轻或加剧产前的影响， 接触有毒金属对儿童的影响。使用大脑和早期经验研究的纵向数据 和有限混合建模方法，本研究将：1）对产前接触有毒金属进行分类， 心理和社会风险因素，以及产前风险的潜在特征的保护因素; 2）测试关联 产前风险的潜在特征与36岁时儿童认知和社会情感发展指数之间的关系 个月大;和3）检查指标的经验作为主持人的影响，潜在的个人资料， 产前风险对儿童认知和社会情感发展的影响。通过这些分析， 在潜在轮廓方法和更传统的统计方法（即，双向互动）将 被比较。这项研究将全面审查产前有毒金属和心理及社会风险， 确定战略以抵消产前有毒金属的影响以及心理和社会风险的潜力 关于儿童发展。附带的培训计划将为怀利女士提供基础， 一项将联合收割机发展科学和公共卫生科学结合起来研究联合影响的研究计划 物理和社会环境对儿童发展的影响，以及如何利用积极的社会经验 以减轻物理和化学应激源的影响。具体而言，怀利女士将a）建立她的实质性 儿童神经发育相关的早期环境暴露及其机制的专业知识， 行动; B）扩展她的定量技能，以应用有限混合模型和适度 分析; c）扩大她在研究早期生活中保护性社会环境方面的专业知识; d）发展她的能力。 跨学科合作和职业发展技能。怀利女士已经组建了一个恒星和凝聚力 来自发展科学，环境科学和定量科学学科的导师团队 心理学这个指导团队携带的专业知识，经验，并致力于怀利女士的专业。 这将确保她的培训目标和研究计划的顺利完成。

PROJECT SUMMARY Exposures to toxic metals and psychological and social stressors during sensitive periods of fetal and infant development are associated with poorer child cognitive and socioemotional development. There is also evidence for moderating effects between toxic metals and psychological and social stressors, such that the effects of toxic metals on development may be conditional upon exposures to psychological and social stress and vice versa. Because physical, psychological, and social risk factors tend to cluster, the study of combined exposures may be more ecologically valid. Though prior studies have utilized two-way statistical interactions to examine these combined effects, these models still fall short in recognizing that individuals are concurrently exposed to multiple risk and protective factors across the physical and social environments. Previous studies have also failed to rigorously test the extent to which caregiving experience may mitigate or exacerbate the effects of prenatal exposure to toxic metals on child outcomes. Using longitudinal data from the Brain and Early Experiences Study and a finite mixture modeling approach, this study will: 1) categorize prenatal exposures to toxic metals, psychological and social risk factors, and protective factors into latent profiles of prenatal risk; 2) test associations between latent profiles of prenatal risk and indices of child cognitive and socioemotional development at 36 months old; and 3) examine indices of caregiving experience as moderators for the effects of latent profiles of prenatal risk on child cognitive and socioemotional development. Throughout these analyses, inferences between the latent profile approach and more traditional statistical approaches (i.e., two-way interactions) will be compared. This study will examine prenatal toxic metal and psychological and social risk holistically and has the potential to identify strategies to offset the effects of prenatal toxic metals and psychological and social risk on child development. The accompanying training plan will provide Ms. Wylie with the foundation to build her program of research which will combine developmental and public health sciences to study the joint influences of the physical and social environments on child development, and how positive social experience may be used to mitigate the effects of physical and chemical stressors. Specifically, Ms. Wylie will a) build her substantive expertise in early life environmental exposures relevant to child neurodevelopment and their mechanisms of action; b) expand her quantitative skillset towards the application of finite mixture models and moderation analyses; c) expand her expertise in the study of protective social environments in early life; and d) develop her interdisciplinary collaborations and career development skills. Ms. Wylie has assembled a stellar and cohesive mentorship team from the disciplines of developmental science, environmental science, and quantitative psychology. This mentorship team carries the expertise, experience, and dedication to Ms. Wylie’s professional development that will ensure the successful completion of her training goals and research plan.