Enhancing K-12 School Safety During a Respiratory Viral Pandemic

项目摘要/摘要 虽然自新冠肺炎大流行爆发以来已经取得了进展，但病毒的传播仍然构成了 对学校安全的威胁。人们对K-12学校中的病毒传播表示严重担忧 儿童之间密切的社交互动，拥挤的机构环境，高风险的课外活动， 以及疫苗接种覆盖面不足。儿童与父母和其他家庭有密切的互动 活跃在社会各阶层的成员。确保K-12学校的安全对于最大限度地减少社区至关重要 传播和恢复最佳社会功能。 新冠肺炎不太可能因新变种的出现而灭绝，抗体迅速减弱，冠状病毒 行为疲劳，疫苗接种率低。K-12学校防控工作面临的挑战 无论是当前的大流行还是未来的呼吸道威胁，都是持续存在的。我们的研究预计下一步将 疫情预防和管理，以及研究的主题(即接种疫苗)与学校高度相关 在这种或未来的呼吸道威胁(COVID、流感)中的安全性。我们将考察K-12学校的经验 在大流行期间通过以下目标： 目标1：进行范围审查，以确定和盘点当前的研究和证据质量 新冠肺炎对K-12学校的影响 目标2：调查个人利益相关者和学校管理层的经验和关切 通过利益相关者在当地K-12学校进行研究，在大流行期间进行疫苗接种和安全实践 学校管理人员的纵向调查(目标A)和定性探索性半结构访谈 (目标2B)。 目标3：评估硬件辅助蓝牙感染跟踪设备(Habit)的实施情况 通过一项混合方法的研究在高中环境中进行。我们将评估习惯的实施结果(EASE 使用、界面和满意度、可接受性、有用性、连贯性、环境、依从性、适当性) 一所K-12学校，使用定性焦点小组访谈关键利益相关者、调查回应和习惯 设备使用数据。我们将介绍量化绩效指标和与之相关的定性指标 养成习惯的洞察力。 该提案是一项全面培训计划的研究部分，旨在提供 通过耶鲁大学的医学博士项目，为我成为一名内科科学家奠定了基础。通过这些目标，我们 寻求提供对发展综合方法至关重要的见解，以使儿童和 教师在当前和未来呼吸道病毒暴发和大流行情况下的安全。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT While progress has been made since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the spread of the virus still poses a threat to school safety. There is a significant concern regarding viral transmission in K-12 schools as a result of close social interactions between children, crowded institutional environments, high risk extracurricular activities, and insufficient vaccination coverage. Children have close interactions with parents and other household members who are active in all sectors of society. Keeping K-12 schools safe is crucial to minimizing community transmission and restoring optimal societal functions. COVID-19 is unlikely to become extinct due to the emergence of new variants, rapidly waning antibodies, COVID behavioral fatigue, and low vaccination coverage. The challenges of prevention and control in K-12 schools persist, from both the current pandemic and future respiratory threats. Our study anticipates next steps of outbreak prevention and management, and the topics of study (i.e. vaccinations) are highly relevant to school safety in this or future respiratory threats (COVID, influenza). We will examine the experience of K-12 schools during the pandemic through the following aims: Aim 1: Conduct a scoping review to identify and inventory the current research and evidence quality on the impact of COVID-19 on K-12 schools Aim 2: Investigate individual stakeholder- and school administrative-level experience and concerns regarding vaccination and safety practices during the pandemic through research in local K-12 schools via stakeholder longitudinal surveys (Aim 2A) and qualitative exploratory semi-structured interviews of school administrators (Aim 2B). Aim 3: Assess the implementation of a Hardware-Assisted Bluetooth-based Infection Tracking Device (HABIT) in a high school setting through a mixed-method study. We will assess HABIT's implementation outcomes (ease of use, interface, and satisfaction, acceptability, usefulness, coherence, setting, adherence, appropriateness) in a K-12 school using qualitative focus group interviews with key stakeholders, survey responses, and HABIT device usage data. We will present both the quantitative performance metrics and the qualitative contextualized insights of HABIT implementation. The proposal is the research component of a comprehensive training plan that is designed to provide a foundation for my career as a physician-scientist through the Yale MD-PhD program. Through these aims, we seek to provide insights that are essential for developing an integrated approach to keep both children and teachers safe in the event of the current and future respiratory viral outbreaks and pandemics.