Investigating the Proximal Impact of Early Life Adversity on Neural Reward and Threat Reactivity in Early Childhood

调查早期生活逆境对幼儿期神经奖励和威胁反应的近期影响

• 批准号: 10605377
• 负责人: Maria Granros
• 金额: $ 4.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-15 至 2024-12-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10605377
• 关键词: 6 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affective; Attenuated; Buffers; Chicago; Child; Child Rearing; Childhood; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Collection; Communities; Detection; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Economic Burden; Electroencephalogram; Electroencephalography; Ensure; Environment; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Exposure to; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Health; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Nature; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Prevention; Process; Psychopathology; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Marker; Role; Safety; Sample Size; Sampling; Severities; Statistical Methods; Stimulus; Structure; Suicide; Symptoms; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Work; Youth; career; caregiving; cost; cost effective; critical period; deprivation; early childhood; early life adversity; emotional neglect; experience; high risk; human capital; indexing; inner city; innovation; maternal caregiving; multimodality; neglect; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; novel; pediatric trauma; physical abuse; physical conditioning; preventive intervention; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; reward processing; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY Early Life Adversity (ELA), defined as childhood experiences which require significant adaptation beyond the child’s developmental stage, is of critical concern, as it is reliably predictive of increased risk for the leading causes of morbidity and increased severity, chronicity, and overall risk for psychiatric disorders. Dysfunction in neural reward and threat systems may represent a mechanism through which ELA increases risk for later psychopathology; however, few studies have examined the proximal impact of ELA on reward and threat processing in early childhood, prior to periods of enhanced risk for psychopathology onset. Conceptual models suggest that different forms of ELA may differentially impact neural reactivity, and indeed, studies find that experiences of threat to one’s safety may be more strongly linked to enhanced threat sensitivity while exposure to deprivation, such as neglect, may be more strongly tied to blunted reward processing. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes and adolescent or adult samples due to the cost-prohibitive, developmentally-challenging nature of methods previously used (i.e., neuroimaging). Electroencephalogram (EEG) may enhance investigations of ELA and neuroaffective processing, given that EEG is cost-effective and developmentally sensitive. The reward positivity (RewP) is an event-related potential component which indexes neural reward responsiveness while the error-related negativity (ERN) captures threat sensitivity. Preliminary evidence indicates support for dysregulated processing styles (i.e., enhanced ERN, reduced RewP) related to greater ELA exposure; however, this relationship has been relatively unexamined in children. In addition, decomposition of ERP components into frequency rather than time-domains represents an innovative, novel method for enhancing nuanced understanding of the targeted influence of ELA on neuroaffective processing. The current proposal seeks to replicate and extend findings regarding relations between ELA and reward and threat processing to an early childhood sample (n = 120 5-6 year olds) using reliable, developmentally- sensitive neurophysiological tools. The candidate will first evaluate the impact of ELA, particularly experiences of deprivation, on indices of reward processing (i.e., RewP, underlying delta; Aim 1). We will then test the impact of ELA, particularly experiences of threat, on neural threat sensitivity (i.e., ERN, underlying theta; Aim 2). Finally, we will explore maternal caregiving as a moderator of ELA-affective processing relations (Aim 3). The proposed aims will address the applicant’s training goals by providing: 1) knowledge of conceptual models of ELA and key developmental constructs, 2) training in EEG collection, preprocessing, and advanced analyses, and 3) advanced statistical training for developmental research. Findings have the potential to inform targets for early, preventive intervention for ELA-exposed youth to alter risk sequelae for later psychopathology and enhance overall health and human capital. The proposed F31 will contribute to the applicant’s career goal of becoming an early career researcher examining predictors of affective dysfunction and internalizing risk.

项目摘要 早期生活逆境（ELA），定义为童年经历，需要超越 儿童的发育阶段，是至关重要的问题，因为它是可靠的预测风险增加的领导 发病原因和增加的严重程度，慢性和精神疾病的总体风险。功能障碍 神经奖励和威胁系统可能代表了一种机制，通过这种机制，ELA增加了以后的风险。 精神病理学;然而，很少有研究检查ELA对奖励和威胁的近端影响 在儿童早期，在精神病理学发作的风险增加的时期之前进行处理。概念模型 表明不同形式的ELA可能会对神经反应性产生不同的影响，事实上，研究发现， 安全受到威胁的经历可能与增强的威胁敏感度有更强的联系， 剥夺，如忽视，可能更强烈地联系到迟钝的奖励处理。先前的研究 由于成本高昂，受样本量小和青少年或成人样本的限制， 先前使用的方法的开发挑战性（即，神经成像）。脑电图 (EEG)可以加强ELA和神经情感处理的研究，因为EEG具有成本效益， 发育敏感。奖励积极性（RewP）是一种事件相关电位成分， 神经奖励反应，而错误相关的消极性（ERN）捕获威胁敏感性。初步 证据表明支持失调的处理方式（即，增强ERN，减少RewP）相关 更多的ELA暴露;然而，这种关系在儿童中相对未被研究。此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 将ERP组件分解为频率而不是时域代表了一种创新的，新颖的 增强ELA对神经情感处理的靶向影响的细微理解的方法。 目前的建议试图复制和扩展关于ELA和奖励之间关系的研究结果， 威胁处理幼儿样本（n = 120 5-6奥尔兹）使用可靠的，发展- 敏感的神经生理学工具候选人将首先评估ELA的影响，特别是经验 剥夺，奖励处理指数（即，RewP，基础delta; Aim 1）。然后我们将测试 ELA的影响，特别是威胁的经历，对神经威胁敏感性的影响（即，ERN，潜在θ;目标 2）。最后，我们将探讨母亲的情绪调节作为ELA情感处理关系（目的3）。 拟议的目标将通过提供以下内容来解决申请人的培训目标：1）概念模型的知识 ELA和关键发展结构，2）EEG收集，预处理和高级 分析，3）发展研究的高级统计培训。调查结果有可能为 早期的目标，预防性干预，为青少年接触ELA改变风险后遗症，为以后的精神病理学 提高整体健康水平和人力资本。建议的F31将有助于申请人的职业目标 成为一名早期职业研究人员，研究情感功能障碍和内在风险的预测因素。