Investigating the Proximal Impact of Early Life Adversity on Neural Reward and Threat Reactivity in Early Childhood

调查早期生活逆境对幼儿期神经奖励和威胁反应的近期影响

• 批准号: 10605377
• 负责人: Maria Granros
• 金额: $ 4.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-15 至 2024-12-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10605377
• 关键词: 6 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affective; Attenuated; Buffers; Chicago; Child; Child Rearing; Childhood; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Collection; Communities; Detection; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Economic Burden; Electroencephalogram; Electroencephalography; Ensure; Environment; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Exposure to; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Health; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Nature; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Prevention; Process; Psychopathology; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Marker; Role; Safety; Sample Size; Sampling; Severities; Statistical Methods; Stimulus; Structure; Suicide; Symptoms; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Work; Youth; career; caregiving; cost; cost effective; critical period; deprivation; early childhood; early life adversity; emotional neglect; experience; high risk; human capital; indexing; inner city; innovation; maternal caregiving; multimodality; neglect; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; novel; pediatric trauma; physical abuse; physical conditioning; preventive intervention; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; reward processing; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY Early Life Adversity (ELA), defined as childhood experiences which require significant adaptation beyond the child’s developmental stage, is of critical concern, as it is reliably predictive of increased risk for the leading causes of morbidity and increased severity, chronicity, and overall risk for psychiatric disorders. Dysfunction in neural reward and threat systems may represent a mechanism through which ELA increases risk for later psychopathology; however, few studies have examined the proximal impact of ELA on reward and threat processing in early childhood, prior to periods of enhanced risk for psychopathology onset. Conceptual models suggest that different forms of ELA may differentially impact neural reactivity, and indeed, studies find that experiences of threat to one’s safety may be more strongly linked to enhanced threat sensitivity while exposure to deprivation, such as neglect, may be more strongly tied to blunted reward processing. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes and adolescent or adult samples due to the cost-prohibitive, developmentally-challenging nature of methods previously used (i.e., neuroimaging). Electroencephalogram (EEG) may enhance investigations of ELA and neuroaffective processing, given that EEG is cost-effective and developmentally sensitive. The reward positivity (RewP) is an event-related potential component which indexes neural reward responsiveness while the error-related negativity (ERN) captures threat sensitivity. Preliminary evidence indicates support for dysregulated processing styles (i.e., enhanced ERN, reduced RewP) related to greater ELA exposure; however, this relationship has been relatively unexamined in children. In addition, decomposition of ERP components into frequency rather than time-domains represents an innovative, novel method for enhancing nuanced understanding of the targeted influence of ELA on neuroaffective processing. The current proposal seeks to replicate and extend findings regarding relations between ELA and reward and threat processing to an early childhood sample (n = 120 5-6 year olds) using reliable, developmentally- sensitive neurophysiological tools. The candidate will first evaluate the impact of ELA, particularly experiences of deprivation, on indices of reward processing (i.e., RewP, underlying delta; Aim 1). We will then test the impact of ELA, particularly experiences of threat, on neural threat sensitivity (i.e., ERN, underlying theta; Aim 2). Finally, we will explore maternal caregiving as a moderator of ELA-affective processing relations (Aim 3). The proposed aims will address the applicant’s training goals by providing: 1) knowledge of conceptual models of ELA and key developmental constructs, 2) training in EEG collection, preprocessing, and advanced analyses, and 3) advanced statistical training for developmental research. Findings have the potential to inform targets for early, preventive intervention for ELA-exposed youth to alter risk sequelae for later psychopathology and enhance overall health and human capital. The proposed F31 will contribute to the applicant’s career goal of becoming an early career researcher examining predictors of affective dysfunction and internalizing risk.

项目总结 早期生活逆境(ELA)，定义为童年经历，需要重大适应超越 儿童的发育阶段是至关重要的，因为它可靠地预测了领导的风险增加 精神疾病的发病率、严重性、慢性化和总体风险增加的原因。功能障碍 神经奖赏和威胁系统可能代表了一种机制，通过这种机制，ELA增加了以后的风险 精神病理学；然而，很少有研究研究ELA对奖赏和威胁的近期影响 在儿童早期，在精神病发病风险增加的时期之前。概念模型 表明不同形式的ELA可能会对神经反应性产生不同的影响，事实上，研究发现 安全受到威胁的经历可能与暴露时增强的威胁敏感度有更强的联系 剥夺，如忽视，可能与迟钝的奖励处理更紧密地联系在一起。之前的研究已经 由于成本过高，受制于小样本量和青少年或成人样本， 以前使用的方法(即神经成像)在发展方面具有挑战性。脑电 (EEG)可能会加强对ELA和神经情感处理的研究，因为EEG具有成本效益和 发育敏感。奖励正性(RewP)是一种事件相关电位成分，它索引 神经奖赏反应，而错误相关负波(ERN)捕捉到威胁敏感性。初步 证据表明，支持与以下相关的失调处理方式(即增强的ERN，降低的REWP) 更大的ELA暴露；然而，这种关系在儿童中相对没有被研究过。此外, 将ERP分量分解为频率而不是时间域代表了一种创新的、新颖的 增强对ELA对神经情感加工的靶向影响的细微差别理解的方法。 目前的提案寻求复制和扩展关于ELA和奖励之间关系的调查结果 对儿童早期样本(n=120名5-6岁儿童)进行威胁处理，使用可靠的、发育中的- 敏感的神经生理学工具。应聘者将首先评估ELA的影响，特别是体验 基于奖励处理指数的剥夺(即REWP，潜在的增量；目标1)。然后我们将测试 ELA，特别是威胁体验对神经威胁敏感性的影响(即ERN，潜在的theta；目标 2)。最后，我们将探讨母性照顾对情绪-情绪处理关系的调节作用(目标3)。 拟议的目标将通过以下方式解决申请者的培训目标：1)概念模型知识 ELA和关键发育结构，2)脑电采集、前处理和高级培训 分析，以及3)发展研究的高级统计培训。这些发现有可能为 为接触ELA的青少年提供早期预防性干预的目标，以改变以后精神病理学的风险后遗症 并提高整体健康和人力资本。拟议的F31将有助于申请者的职业目标 成为一名早期职业研究人员，研究情感障碍的预测因素并将风险内化。