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Electrophysiological Approaches to Understanding Functional Organization of Speech in the Brain

理解大脑言语功能组织的电生理学方法

基本信息

批准号：
10608318
负责人：
J Liberty S Hamilton
金额：
$ 3.81万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-12-01 至 2025-11-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10608318
关键词：
Acoustics Address Adolescence Adult Age Anterior Aphasia Area Articulation Disorders Attention Auditory Auditory Perceptual Disorders Auditory area Base of the Brain Bilateral Biological Markers Brain Child Childhood Classification Communication Complex Data Set Detection Development Disease Dyslexia Electrophysiology (science)Epilepsy Event Face Goals Human Intervention Intractable Epilepsy Language Language Delays Language Development Language Development Disorders Language Disorders Lead Learning Linguistics Location Measures Methods Motor Noise Operative Surgical Procedures Organizational Change Parents Participant Patients Perception Procedures Process Production Research Resolution Role Signal Transduction Speech Speech Development Speech Disorders Speech Perception Speech Sound Stimulus Superior temporal gyrus Temporal Lobe Testing Time Voice Wernicke Area Work autism spectrum disorder base behavior measurement brain computer interface comorbidity early childhood educational atmosphere expectation experimental study improved innovation insight neurodevelopment neurofeedback neuromechanism neurophysiology pediatric patients phonological awareness phonology phrases relating to nervous system research clinical testing response social sound spatiotemporal speech in noise speech processing temporal measurement therapeutic target

项目摘要

ABSTRACT FROM PARENT R01 To understand speech, the human brain must parse and transform a noisy acoustic signal into meaningful linguistic content, including phonemes, syllables, words, and sentences. This involves determining the timing of important acoustic events, such as the onset of a sentence or a phrase. Following detection of these onsets, the content of the sentence must be determined. The posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG)—including the classic “Wernicke’s area”—is critical to this process, but until recently, little was known about its functional organization, and in particular how this functional organization changes throughout development. Our recent work showed that a spatially discrete region of the pSTG is critical for indicating when a sentence or phrase begins. This region is distinct spatially and functionally from more anterior “sustained” areas that encode phonetic feature information throughout a sentence. Functionally, both posterior onset and anterior sustained regions show short and long temporal integration times, respectively, suggesting complimentary roles in natural speech processing. Here, we propose an innovative approach using rare datasets where neural activity is recorded directly from the human auditory cortex and speech-related areas in pediatric patient participants undergoing clinical evaluation for epilepsy surgery. This method overcomes the spatial and temporal resolution limitations of other noninvasive procedures, and provides a rare window into the function of the human auditory cortex. The proposed study will use high resolution intracranial recordings to investigate how the brain detects acoustic onsets in natural speech sound mixtures, and how neurophysiological responses to these sounds change from early childhood to adolescence. Furthermore, we will investigate how these responses to onsets are modulated by context, including during attention and for self-generated sounds. In addition to providing insight into the basic functional organization of the human auditory cortex and cortical mechanisms for auditory scene analysis, this research has important implications for the development of a speech brain computer interface. Our results could also inform how speech and language are processed in natural contexts, which has implications for the treatment of developmental language disorders, auditory processing disorder, dyslexia, autism, and aphasia.

摘要来自母体r01