Neighborhood Social Environment, Composition and Depression in Latinx

项目摘要/摘要：抑郁症是美国最常见的精神健康疾病之一 各州。此外，美国的拉丁裔是增长最快的族群之一，报告称，拉美裔是第二大族群 抑郁症的发生率最高，这使得他们在社区中的存在越来越多，他们的福祉与 国家的总体成功。然而，邻里层面的因素对抑郁症的影响，特别是在 拉丁裔，仍然没有得到充分的研究。目前还缺乏对居住环境影响的研究。 隔离对精神健康的影响。更少的人评估了因果路径--包括通过邻居 社区社会凝聚力(NSC)和社区问题(NP)等功能-使用严格 量化方法。此外，由于潜在的精神健康，NSC特别令人感兴趣 它可能会带来好处。然而，研究拉丁裔NSC哪个子群的文献对 抑郁和空间关系可能是有限的。为了弥补这些差距，我将 研究1)居住隔离在两个时间点对抑郁症状的直接和间接影响 在拉丁裔中，通过个体层面的NSC和NP，2)居住的横截面的直接和间接影响 种族隔离通过社区层面的NSC和NP对拉丁裔抑郁症状的影响，3)效应 语言水平对个体水平NSC与抑郁症状关系的修正 同时考虑到邻里差异，并探索性地)探索空间关系 拉丁裔个体水平的NSC和抑郁症状。方法与分析：本论文研究将 使用多水平模型来解释两个基于人口的数据集中的聚类：拉丁裔样本 在动脉粥样硬化及其附属邻里关系的多种族研究中(目标1，2)和西班牙裔 拉丁裔社区健康调查/研究及其社会文化辅助研究(目标3)。为了解决这个问题 文献中的空白1)我将使用跨两个时间点的多层次模型进行中介分析 (2003,2010)研究居住隔离对抑郁症状的直接和间接影响 通过个体层面的NSC和NP(目标1)。为了解决在使用个人级别的NSC时存在的相同来源偏见，以及 NP作为中介，将使用横截面(2010)多水平模型来检验直接和间接 社区隔离对抑郁症状的影响--社区水平的NSC和NP测量 (目标2)。多水平模型也将被用来检验相互之间的关联的影响修改 NSC和抑郁症状的语言熟练程度(AIM 3)。投稿：为期两年的培训计划 在这份F-31奖学金申请中提出的论文将支持我发展技能和方法 在邻里效应研究方面，对完成我的学位论文学习和博士研究至关重要 训练。这项奖学金最终将推动我成为一名独立研究科学家的目标，这将 通过对小规模人口进行邻里效应研究，解决心理健康不平等问题。

Project Summary/Abstract: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders in the United States. Further, Latinos in the US represent one of the fastest growing ethnic groups and report the second highest rates of depression, making their growing presence in neighborhoods and their well-being relevant to the overall success of the nation. Yet the effects of neighborhood-level factors on depression, particularly in Latinos, remains understudied. There exists a paucity of research that examines the effect of residential segregation on mental health. Fewer still has assessed causal pathways— including through neighborhood features such as neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) and neighborhood problems (NP)—using rigorous quantitative methodologies. Additionally, NSC is of particular interest due to the potential mental health benefits it may have. However, the literature examining for what subgroup of Latinos NSC is most helpful for depression and what the spatial relationship may be is limited. In an effort to address these gaps, I will examine 1) The direct and indirect effect of residential segregation on depressive symptoms at two time points in Latinos through individual-level NSC and NP, 2) The cross-sectional direct and indirect effect of residential segregation on depressive symptoms in Latinos through neighborhood-level NSC and NP, 3) Effect modification of the association between individual level NSC on depressive symptoms by language proficiency while accounting for neighborhood differences, and Exploratory) To explore the spatial relationship between individual-level NSC and depressive symptoms in Latinos. Method & Analysis: This dissertation study will employ multilevel models in order to account for clustering in two population-based datasets: the Latino sample in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and its ancillary Neighborhood Study (Aim 1,2) and the Hispanic Community Health Survey/Study of Latinos and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study (Aim 3). In order to address gaps in the literature I will 1) carryout a mediation analysis using a multilevel model across two time points (2003, 2010) to examine the direct and indirect effects of residential segregation on depressive symptoms through individual-level NSC and NP (AIM 1). To address same source bias in using individual-level NSC and NP as mediators, a cross-sectional (2010) multilevel model will be used to examine the direct and indirect effects of residential segregation on depressive symptoms using neighborhood-level measures of NSC and NP (AIM 2). Multilevel models will also be employed to examine effect modification of the association between NSC and depressive symptoms by language proficiency (AIM 3). Contributions: The 2-year training program and dissertation proposed in this F-31 fellowship application will support me in developing skills and methods in neighborhood effects research critical to the completion of my dissertation study and doctoral research training. The fellowship will ultimately further my goal of becoming an independent research scientist that will address mental health inequities through neighborhood effects research in minoritized populations.