Surveillance Core

总结/摘要 过去十年中，由于获得疟疾防治服务的机会增加， 经证明有效的疟疾控制措施，包括驱虫蚊帐、室内滞留喷洒， 使用青蒿素类复方疗法改善病例管理和药物使用 在高危人群中预防疟疾（化学预防）。随着控制的改进， 监测控制干预措施的影响至关重要。我们现有的PRISM计划已经进行了 在各种流行病中使用不同方法进行全面的疟疾监测 在乌干达的设置。这项工作极大地促进了我们对优化方法的理解， 在乌干达和其他疟疾流行国家进行疟疾监测。根据取得的经验，我们 建议继续开展疟疾监测工作的关键组成部分， 评价作为共享资源核心（监督核心）的一部分。我们将增加新的活动， 如果有更详细、更准确的数据用于监测疟疾负担的趋势， 控制干预措施的影响，并为我们的三个相互关联的研究提供临床数据和标本 项目（抗药性、流行病学和传播项目）。我们将进行基于卫生设施的 在乌干达21个政府卫生中心进行疟疾监测， 正在实施控制干预措施，以监测疟疾流行病学的趋势。个体水平数据 将从所有到门诊部就诊的患者中收集，包括他们是否有 疑似疟疾，他们是否接受了疟疾实验室检测，实验室检测结果， 和抗疟疾处方做法。此外，我们会定期从这些网站收集标本 作为我们的抗药性项目的一部分，用于测试药物和杀虫剂抗药性的标志物。我们还将 在疟疾流行病学不同的3个地点进行详细的纵向队列研究， 疟疾的发病率，并收集临床数据和生物样本，以支持我们的三项研究 项目最后，我们将在我们的纵向队列站点进行详细的昆虫学调查， 关于单个家庭一级传播强度和特点的数据，并提供 蚊子标本将用于我们的三个研究项目。

Summary/Abstract Significant progress in malaria control has been realized in the last decade due to increased access to proven malaria control interventions, including insecticide-treated bed-nets, indoor residual spraying with insecticides, improved case management with artemisinin-based combination therapies, and use of drugs to prevent malaria in high-risk groups (chemoprevention). With the improved control, reliable surveillance is essential to monitor the impact of control interventions. Our existing PRISM program has conducted comprehensive malaria surveillance using different methodologies across a variety of epidemiological settings in Uganda. This work has greatly contributed to our understanding of optimizing approaches to malaria surveillance in Uganda and other malaria endemic countries. Building on experience gained, we propose to continue key components of our malaria surveillance work with more intensive longitudinal evaluations as part of a shared resources core (Surveillance core). We will add new activities to provide more detailed and precise data that will be used to monitor trends in the burden of malaria, estimate the impact of control interventions, and provide clinical data and specimens for our three inter-related research projects (Resistance, Epidemiology and Transmission projects). We will conduct health facility-based malaria surveillance at 21 government health centers throughout Uganda where different population level control interventions are being implemented to monitor trends in malaria epidemiology. Individual level data will be collected from all patients who present to the outpatient departments including whether they have suspected malaria, whether they underwent laboratory testing for malaria, the results of laboratory testing, and antimalarial prescription practices. In addition, we will periodically collect specimens from these sites for the testing of markers of drug and insecticide resistance as part of our Resistance project. We will also conduct detailed longitudinal cohort studies in 3 sites with differing malaria epidemiology to measure the incidence of malaria, and collect clinical data and biological specimens to support our three research projects. Finally, we will conduct detailed entomological surveys at our longitudinal cohort sites to generate data on the intensity and characteristics of transmission at the individual household level as well as provide mosquito specimens to be used in our three research projects.