How Does Genetic Ancestry Testing Affect Perceptions of Race?

基因血统测试如何影响种族观念？

• 批准号: 10591664
• 负责人: WENDY D ROTH
• 金额: $ 33.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-21 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10591664
• 关键词: Accent; Affect; Affinity; African American student; Age; Attitude; Awareness; Belief; Biological; Black Populations; Black race; Bone Marrow; Caring; Characteristics; Classification; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Diagnosis; Economics; Education; Educational Background; Ethics; Face; Future; Gender; General Population; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genomics; Health; Health Personnel; Healthcare; Hispanic; Human; Immigrant; Individual; Influentials; Interdisciplinary Study; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Legal; Legitimacy; Life; Measures; Medical; Not Hispanic or Latino; Nurses; Patients; Perception; Persons; Phenotype; Policies; Politics; Protocols documentation; Provider; Proxy; Quality of Care; Race; Race Relations; Reporting; Research; Resource Allocation; Resources; Respondent; Running; Sample Size; Sampling; Scholarship; Shapes; Social Environment; Stimulus; Sum; Surveys; Symptoms; Test Result; Testing; Weight; base; college; essentialism; ethnic identity; experimental study; genetic information; health care settings; racial and ethnic; racial difference; racial identity; recruit; response; social; social implication; theories; trait

Project Summary We investigate the relative influence of genetic, phenotypic, and social attributes in shaping how individuals perceive other people's race. We will conduct a conjoint survey experiment with 9,000 non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White (henceforth, Black and White), and Hispanic respondents in the U.S. to assess the power of genetic ancestry test (GAT) results, facial features, social attributes like racial self-identification before and after testing, and the social context to influence the racial classification of others. GATs are one of the most common ways genomic awareness has increased in the public sphere. Many scholars believe GATs will shape individuals' beliefs about race, including beliefs in essential racial differences and that races are genetically determined. Recent research shows that GATs lead some people to change their racial identity based on the reported genetic information. However, we know little about whether those genetically-influenced identity claims are accepted by others or whether information about an individual's genetic ancestry influences how their race is perceived. Increased genomic knowledge may be shifting norms of racial classification. This could have significant social implications ranging from changing patient-provider interactions and assessments in healthcare settings to demographic shifts and identity-based political mobilization. In everyday life, people typically rely on facial features to racially classify others, often using phenotype as a proxy for ancestry. However, we know little about how perception of facial features interacts with information about ancestry, which we will test using photographs of human faces and hypothetical GAT results. In addition, an abundant scholarship has shown that race is shaped by social context. Nevertheless, most studies have been observational and may be afflicted by endogeneity. We will provide rigorous experimental evidence for how social context influences racial classifications: some respondents will be asked to categorize individuals seeking membership in a cultural affinity group; others will be told the individual is applying to college, priming a context of competition for scarce resources; yet others will be told the individual is registering for a bone marrow drive; the remainder will be given a neutral context. Last, our nation-wide survey will sample Black, White, and Hispanic respondents, which will allow us to test how racial perceptions vary across the U.S. and among the nation's largest ethnoracial groups. This project will develop a research protocol and preliminary data for a larger future study focusing on how genomic information shapes healthcare providers' racial perceptions and clinical assessments of patients.

项目摘要 我们研究了遗传、表型和社会属性在塑造如何 个体感知其他人的种族。我们将与9000名 非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔白色人（以下简称黑人和白色人）和西班牙裔 在美国的受访者，以评估遗传血统测试（GAT）的结果，面部特征， 社会属性，如测试前后的种族自我认同，以及社会背景， 影响他人的种族分类。GAT是基因组学中最常见的方法之一， 公共领域的认识有所提高。许多学者认为，GAT将塑造个人的 关于种族的信念，包括对种族本质差异的信念，以及种族是遗传的信念。 测定最近的研究表明，GAT导致一些人改变他们的种族身份 基于报告的遗传信息。然而，我们对这些人是否 受遗传影响的身份声明是否被其他人接受，或者关于 个人的遗传祖先影响他们的种族如何被感知。增加基因组知识 可能正在改变种族分类的标准。这可能会产生重大的社会影响 从改变医疗保健环境中的患者-提供者互动和评估， 人口变化和基于身份的政治动员。在日常生活中，人们通常依赖 根据面部特征对其他人进行种族分类，通常使用表型作为祖先的代表。 然而，我们对面部特征的感知如何与以下信息相互作用知之甚少： 我们将使用人脸照片和假设的GAT结果进行测试。在 此外，大量的学术研究表明，种族是由社会背景塑造的。然而，尽管如此， 大多数研究都是观察性的，可能受到内分泌的影响。我们将提供 关于社会背景如何影响种族分类的严格实验证据：一些 受访者将被要求将寻求加入的个人分类为文化亲和力 其他人会被告知这个人正在申请大学，从而引发竞争环境 对于稀缺的资源;然而其他人会被告知个人正在登记骨髓驱动器; 其余的将被给予中立的上下文。最后，我们的全国性调查将抽样黑色， 白色和西班牙裔受访者，这将使我们能够测试种族观念如何在不同的 美国和全国最大的民族团体之一。该项目将开展一项研究 一个更大的未来研究的协议和初步数据，重点是如何基因组信息 塑造了医疗服务提供者的种族观念和对病人的临床评估。