How Does Genetic Ancestry Testing Affect Perceptions of Race?

基因血统测试如何影响种族观念？

• 批准号: 10591664
• 负责人: WENDY D ROTH
• 金额: $ 33.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-21 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10591664
• 关键词: Accent; Affect; Affinity; African American student; Age; Attitude; Awareness; Belief; Biological; Black Populations; Black race; Bone Marrow; Caring; Characteristics; Classification; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Diagnosis; Economics; Education; Educational Background; Ethics; Face; Future; Gender; General Population; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genomics; Health; Health Personnel; Healthcare; Hispanic; Human; Immigrant; Individual; Influentials; Interdisciplinary Study; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Legal; Legitimacy; Life; Measures; Medical; Not Hispanic or Latino; Nurses; Patients; Perception; Persons; Phenotype; Policies; Politics; Protocols documentation; Provider; Proxy; Quality of Care; Race; Race Relations; Reporting; Research; Resource Allocation; Resources; Respondent; Running; Sample Size; Sampling; Scholarship; Shapes; Social Environment; Stimulus; Sum; Surveys; Symptoms; Test Result; Testing; Weight; base; college; essentialism; ethnic identity; experimental study; genetic information; health care settings; racial and ethnic; racial difference; racial identity; recruit; response; social; social implication; theories; trait

Project Summary We investigate the relative influence of genetic, phenotypic, and social attributes in shaping how individuals perceive other people's race. We will conduct a conjoint survey experiment with 9,000 non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White (henceforth, Black and White), and Hispanic respondents in the U.S. to assess the power of genetic ancestry test (GAT) results, facial features, social attributes like racial self-identification before and after testing, and the social context to influence the racial classification of others. GATs are one of the most common ways genomic awareness has increased in the public sphere. Many scholars believe GATs will shape individuals' beliefs about race, including beliefs in essential racial differences and that races are genetically determined. Recent research shows that GATs lead some people to change their racial identity based on the reported genetic information. However, we know little about whether those genetically-influenced identity claims are accepted by others or whether information about an individual's genetic ancestry influences how their race is perceived. Increased genomic knowledge may be shifting norms of racial classification. This could have significant social implications ranging from changing patient-provider interactions and assessments in healthcare settings to demographic shifts and identity-based political mobilization. In everyday life, people typically rely on facial features to racially classify others, often using phenotype as a proxy for ancestry. However, we know little about how perception of facial features interacts with information about ancestry, which we will test using photographs of human faces and hypothetical GAT results. In addition, an abundant scholarship has shown that race is shaped by social context. Nevertheless, most studies have been observational and may be afflicted by endogeneity. We will provide rigorous experimental evidence for how social context influences racial classifications: some respondents will be asked to categorize individuals seeking membership in a cultural affinity group; others will be told the individual is applying to college, priming a context of competition for scarce resources; yet others will be told the individual is registering for a bone marrow drive; the remainder will be given a neutral context. Last, our nation-wide survey will sample Black, White, and Hispanic respondents, which will allow us to test how racial perceptions vary across the U.S. and among the nation's largest ethnoracial groups. This project will develop a research protocol and preliminary data for a larger future study focusing on how genomic information shapes healthcare providers' racial perceptions and clinical assessments of patients.

项目摘要 我们调查了遗传、表型和社会属性在如何塑造 每个人都能感知到别人的种族。我们将与9000人进行联合调查实验 非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔白人(以下简称黑白)和西班牙裔 美国受访者评估基因血统测试(GAT)结果、面部特征、 社会属性，如测试前后的种族自我认同，以及 影响他人的种族分类。GATS是基因组学中最常见的方式之一 在公共领域，人们的意识有所提高。许多学者认为，GATS将塑造个人的 对种族的信仰，包括对种族本质差异的信仰，以及种族是遗传的 下定决心。最近的研究表明，GATS会导致一些人改变他们的种族身份 根据报告的遗传信息。然而，我们对这些是否 受基因影响的身份声明是否被其他人接受，或者关于 个人的基因血统会影响人们对其种族的看法。增加基因组知识 可能正在改变种族分类的标准。这可能会产生重大的社会影响 从改变医疗保健环境中的患者与提供者的互动和评估，到 人口结构变化和基于身份的政治动员。在日常生活中，人们通常依赖于 根据面部特征对其他人进行种族分类，通常使用表型作为祖先的代理。 然而，我们对面部特征的感知如何与以下信息相互作用知之甚少 祖先，我们将使用人脸照片和假设的GAT结果进行测试。在……里面 此外，大量的学术研究表明，种族是由社会背景决定的。不过， 大多数研究都是观察性的，可能会受到内生性的影响。我们将提供 关于社会背景如何影响种族分类的严格实验证据：一些 受访者将被要求对寻求加入的个人进行文化亲和力分类 群体；其他人将被告知该个人正在申请大学，这将为竞争做好准备 对于稀缺的资源；但其他人将被告知个人正在登记骨髓活动； 其余的将被赋予中立的背景。最后，我们的全国调查将对布莱克进行抽样， 白人和西班牙裔受访者，这将使我们能够测试不同种族之间的认知差异 美国和美国最大的民族群体之一。该项目将开展一项研究 一项更大的未来研究的方案和初步数据，重点是基因组信息如何 塑造医疗保健提供者对患者的种族认知和临床评估。