Wildfires and intentional biomass burning in California and Preterm Birth

加利福尼亚州的野火和故意燃烧生物质与早产

• 批准号: 10589984
• 负责人: Amy Michelle Padula
• 金额: $ 11.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-18 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10589984
• 关键词: 37 weeks gestation; Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Agriculture; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; American; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Biomass; Birth; Birth Records; Burn injury; California; Categories; Censuses; Chemicals; Childhood; Communities; Community Surveys; Consumption; County; Data; Data Set; Environmental Exposure; Ethnic Origin; Event; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Future; Gestational Age; Health; High Prevalence; Housing; Income; Individual; Industrialization; Knowledge; Live Birth; Location; Measures; Modeling; Monitor; Mothers; Neighborhoods; Particulate Matter; Perinatal mortality demographics; Population; Poverty; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Premature Birth; Psychosocial Stress; Race; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Seasons; Second Pregnancy Trimester; Severities; Smoke; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Stress; Structure; Temperature; Time; United States; Wildfire; Wood material; ambient air pollution; base; combustion product; consumer product; critical period; deprivation; fine particles; fire prevention; indexing; low socioeconomic status; perinatal health; perinatal morbidity; pollutant; premature; prenatal exposure; residence; wasting

Project Summary Preterm birth is an important risk factor for perinatal mortality and adverse health consequences in childhood and adulthood. In the United States, approximately 10% of all live births were preterm (<37 weeks gestation) in 2012 and it continues to climb. Fresno County, in the San Joaquin Valley of California, is an area of known high air pollution burden and a high prevalence of preterm birth (12%). Wildfires are a significant and increasing source of air pollution in California (CA) that threaten to reverse the progress made over the past decades in air pollution reduction and their effects on pregnant women are not well understood. Furthermore, recent fires are occurring at the wildfire urban interface leading to biomass and structure burning. With increased exposure to wildfire smoke comes increasing concern of health effects of these exposures to inform future regulation. Other biomass burning sources are agricultural waste burning, prescribed burns, and residential wood burning which all can increase air pollution exposure but in more controlled settings and are generally performed during seasons outside the growing fire season. They differ in scope, temperature and chemical composition and may have less severe health effects compared to wildfires. We and other investigators have demonstrated preterm birth risk is sensitive to prenatal exposures to ambient air pollution, including criteria pollutants such as particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a product of incomplete combustion. Moreover, we have found stronger associations in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status. This double jeopardy of exposure to pollutants and poverty is hypothesized to contribute to disparities in preterm birth, but sufficient data are often lacking. To address the contribution of wildfire and other biomass burning smoke exposures on preterm birth, and how these relationships may be modified by neighborhood deprivation, we propose to compile a unique group of datasets of fire occurrence, air quality monitoring and modelling, and birth record data for CA (2008-2016) to evaluate the effects of wildfires and intentional burning (agricultural waste, residential wood, and prescribed burns) exposure on preterm birth and to evaluate if the effects differ by the Index of Concentration at the Extreme, a measure of neighborhood deprivation that accounts for extremes based on race/ethnicity and income by census tract. We will compare different models of fire exposure assessment and examine critical periods of pregnancy with regard to preterm birth, while controlling for season. This study will provide estimates of the impact of air pollution exposures from wildfires and other biomass burning on preterm birth. The findings have the potential to inform fire prevention and protection regulation for wildfires, agricultural waste burning, prescribed burns, and residential wood burning.

项目概要 早产是围产期死亡率和不良健康后果的重要危险因素 童年和成年。在美国，大约 10% 的活产是早产（<37 周） 妊娠）在2012年，并且还在继续攀升。弗雷斯诺县位于加利福尼亚州圣华金河谷，是一个地区 已知的高空气污染负担和高早产率（12%）。 野火是加州 (CA) 空气污染的一个重要且日益严重的来源，有可能逆转 过去几十年在减少空气污染方面取得的进展及其对孕妇的影响 不太理解。此外，最近在野火城市界面发生火灾，导致生物质 和结构燃烧。随着接触野火烟雾的增加，人们越来越关注野火烟雾对健康的影响 这些风险敞口为未来的监管提供信息。其他生物质燃烧源包括农业废物燃烧、 规定的烧伤和住宅木材燃烧都会增加空气污染暴露，但更多的是 受控设置，通常在火灾增长季节以外的季节进行。它们的不同之处在于 与野火相比，其范围、温度和化学成分对健康的影响可能较小。 我们和其他研究人员已经证明，早产风险对产前暴露很敏感 环境空气污染，包括颗粒物和多环芳烃等标准污染物 碳氢化合物，不完全燃烧的产物。此外，我们还发现了更强的关联性 社会经济地位较低的社区。这种暴露于污染物和贫困的双重危险是 假设这会导致早产的差异，但往往缺乏足够的数据。 解决野火和其他生物质燃烧烟雾暴露对早产的影响，以及 为了了解这些关系如何因邻里剥夺而改变，我们建议组建一个独特的小组 CA (2008-2016) 的火灾发生、空气质量监测和建模以及出生记录数据的数据集 评估野火和故意燃烧（农业废物、住宅木材和规定的燃烧物）的影响 烧伤）暴露对早产的影响，并评估其影响是否因浓度指数而异 极端，一种邻里剥夺的衡量标准，解释了基于种族/民族的极端情况和 按人口普查区划分的收入。我们将比较不同的火灾暴露评估模型并检查关键的 怀孕期间与早产有关，同时控制季节。 这项研究将提供野火和其他生物质造成的空气污染暴露影响的估计 早产时燃烧。研究结果有可能为火灾预防和保护法规提供信息 野火、农业废物燃烧、规定燃烧和住宅木材燃烧。