Identifying barriers and facilitators of harm reduction among adult dual users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

项目总结/摘要 电子烟和香烟的双重使用（即，双重用途）是一种常见的烟草使用模式， 美国的电子烟在双重使用者中最常见的用途是减少危害（即，的 完全过渡到电子烟或完全戒烟）。双重用途可以减少烟草使用的负担，如果它是一个 临时阶段，即，使用电子烟戒烟，过渡到只使用电子烟，或总 停止（即，减少危害）。然而，这并不总是转化为真实的生活。相当多的 双重使用者仍然保持双重使用，电子烟戒烟有效性的证据好坏参半 工具.此外，双重使用者在减少危害方面面临的障碍和促进因素并不清楚。 因此，我们必须了解这些障碍/促进因素，以制定有效的干预措施来帮助双重用户 减少或减轻其危害。本研究旨在确定这些背景和个人的障碍，防止双重 吸烟者戒烟和与吸烟相关的日常触发因素，并确定一些 可以促进减少危害的促进者。我将招募两组不同的电子烟成年使用者 和香烟（各n= 50; 50%女性;年龄≥ 21岁），以1）使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）， 一项纵向受试者内研究设计，以确定14名受试者吸烟的每日触发因素和设置。 2）进行焦点小组讨论，以探索减少危害的背景障碍/促进因素。 结合起来，拟议的研究将提供现实世界的证据，阻止成年双重用户， 使用电子烟的目的是戒烟，但不戒烟或减少其危害。虽然我在烟草方面很有经验 研究，我缺乏正规的培训，定性和EMA方法。指导团队拥有出色的 烟草制品使用的流行病学研究经验、定性方法和EMA方法 并致力于支持Osibogun博士的培训和专业发展。通过这个K 01， 博士Osibogun将发展技能，以实现她成为一名独立研究人员的长期目标， 在烟草研究方面的专业知识，这将使她能够制定和提交R 01干预赠款提案 可以利用EMA和通过K 01培训经验学到的其他技术来改善戒烟 双重用户的结果。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes (i.e., dual use) is a common tobacco use pattern among adults in the United States. The most common use for e-cigarettes among dual users is for harm reduction (i.e., the complete transition to e-cigarettes or total cessation). Dual use may reduce the burden of tobacco use if it is a temporary stage, i.e., cigarette smokers using e-cigarettes to quit, transition to e-cigarette use only, or total cessation (i.e., harm reduction). However, this does not always translate in real life. A significant number of dual users still maintain dual use, and evidence is mixed as to the effectiveness of e-cigarettes as a cessation tool. Furthermore, dual users face barriers to and facilitators of harm reduction that are not clearly understood. As such, we must understand these barriers/facilitators to develop effective interventions to help dual users quit or reduce their harm. This study aims to identify these contextual and individual barriers that prevent dual users from quitting cigarettes and the daily triggers associated with cigarette smoking and identify some facilitators that may promote harm reduction. I will recruit two separate groups of adult users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes (n= 50 each; 50% women; age ≥21years) to 1) use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in a longitudinal within-subject study design to identify daily triggers and settings of cigarettes smoking for 14 days and 2) conduct focus group discussions to explore the contextual barriers/facilitators of harm reduction. Combined, the proposed studies will give real-world evidence on the barriers that prevent adult dual users who use e-cigarettes with the intent to quit but do not quit or reduce their harm. Though I have expertise in tobacco research, I lack formal training in qualitative and EMA methodology. The mentoring team has outstanding experience in epidemiological research of tobacco product use, qualitative methods, and EMA methodology and is committed to supporting Dr. Osibogun in her training and professional development. Through this K01, Dr. Osibogun will develop the skills to achieve her long-term goal of becoming an independent researcher with expertise in tobacco research, which will position her to develop and submit a R01 intervention grant proposal that can leverage EMA and other techniques learned through the K01 training experience to improve cessation outcomes among dual users.