Individual and age differences in temporal discounting: the role of memory for time

时间贴现的个体和年龄差异：时间记忆的作用

• 批准号: 10579515
• 负责人: Karolina M Lempert
• 金额: $ 37.75万
• 依托单位: ADELPHI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-02-01 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10579515
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Aging; Alcohol abuse; Arousal; Behavioral; Categories; Computer Models; Conscious; Decision Making; Drug abuse; Elderly; Environment; Episodic memory; Event; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Health; Hippocampus; Image; Individual; Individual Differences; Institution; Intuition; Investments; Judgment; Label; Length; Life; Link; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Memory; Methods; Mydriasis; Neurocognitive; Participant; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Process; Pupil; Research; Retirement; Rewards; Risk Behaviors; Role; Series; Signal Transduction; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Time Perception; Work; age difference; age effect; age related; aged; discounting; experience; locus ceruleus structure; member; middle age; multimodality; neural; neuroimaging; novel; response; skills; stem; time interval; undergraduate research experience; undergraduate student; willingness

PROJECT SUMMARY Many important decisions, including those faced by older adults, involve tradeoffs between smaller, immediate and larger, delayed rewards (i.e., intertemporal choices). For example, do you give up sugary foods now in order to live a longer, healthier life? Do you take money out of a retirement account now despite incurring a penalty? People vary in their willingness to wait for future rewards, but the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these individual differences in temporal discounting are largely unknown. One possibility is that people who remember past time intervals as shorter are more patient for future rewards, because they anticipate that future time intervals will be short as well. This project will use behavioral, pupillometry, and neuroimaging methods to test this novel hypothesis. Previous research has shown that memory for how long an experience lasted (duration memory) depends on how many discrete events happened during that experience. Therefore, we predict that individuals who segment continuous experience into a larger number of discrete events (“fine” event segmenters) will remember past time intervals as having taking longer, resulting in less willingness to wait through future time intervals. In contrast, we expect that people who segment experience into fewer events (“coarse” event segmenters) will remember time as having flown by, and so will be more willing to wait for future rewards. We further predict that age-related changes in the pupil-linked arousal system and episodic memory system are likely to lead to coarser event segmentation with aging, by reducing the effects of salient “event boundaries” on memory. The goal of Aim 1 is to measure event segmentation, memory for duration, and temporal discounting and establish associations between them. The goal of Aim 2 is to investigate whether temporal discounting can be modulated by memories for the durations of recent experiences. In Aim 1, we will measure pupil dilation in a group of young, middle-aged, and older participants while they listen to an audio narrative and label event boundaries in the story. We expect that individual differences in pupil dilation at these boundaries will be reflected in later memory for how long the narrative lasted, and will be associated with temporal discounting measured in a separate task. In Aim 2, a group of young (aged 18-40) and older (aged 60+) adults will undergo functional neuroimaging while viewing a series of images. This time, event boundaries will be predetermined and signaled by salient category switches during these sequences of images. We expect that neural processing of those event boundaries by the medial temporal lobe will be reduced in the older adult group, and that the number of event boundaries in a sequence will influence intertemporal choices made directly after that sequence. These studies will shed light on the relationship between memory for time and temporal discounting, as well as how aging affects these processes. This project will also strengthen the research environment at the PI’s undergraduate- focused institution, and provide research opportunities for undergraduates, including opportunities to work with older adults and with new methods (pupillometry, computational modeling, and functional neuroimaging).

项目摘要 许多重要的决定，包括老年人所面临的决定，都涉及到较小的、直接的、 以及更大的、延迟的奖励（即，跨期选择）。例如，你现在放弃含糖食物是为了 活得更久更健康你现在从退休账户里取钱了吗？ 人们等待未来回报的意愿各不相同，但这些回报背后的神经认知机制 时间贴现的个体差异在很大程度上是未知的。一种可能是那些记得 过去的时间间隔越短，对未来的回报就越有耐心，因为他们预期未来的时间 间隔也会很短。这个项目将使用行为，瞳孔测量和神经成像方法来测试 这个新的假设。先前的研究表明，记忆一次经历持续了多长时间（持续时间 记忆）取决于在该体验期间发生了多少离散事件。因此，我们预测， 将连续的经验分割成大量离散事件的个体（“精细”事件分割者） 我会记得过去的时间间隔，因为需要更长的时间，导致不愿意等待未来的时间 的间隔相比之下，我们认为那些将经验分成较少事件（“粗糙”事件）的人， 分段者）会记得时间飞逝，因此更愿意等待未来的回报。我们 进一步预测，年龄相关的变化，在瞳孔连接唤醒系统和情节记忆系统是 可能会导致随着年龄的增长，通过减少显着的“事件边界”的影响， 记忆目标1的目标是测量事件分割、持续时间记忆和时间折扣 并在他们之间建立联系。目标2的目标是调查时间折扣是否可以 被最近经历的持续时间的记忆所调节。在目标1中，我们将测量瞳孔扩张， 一组年轻、中年和老年参与者在听音频叙述和标签事件时 故事中的边界我们期望在这些边界处瞳孔扩张的个体差异将被反映出来 在后来的记忆中，叙述持续了多久，并将与时间折扣有关， 另一项任务在目标2中，一组年轻人（18-40岁）和老年人（60岁以上）将接受功能性 在观看一系列图像的同时进行神经成像。这一次，事件边界将被预先确定并发出信号 通过这些图像序列中的显著类别切换。我们认为这些事件的神经处理 在老年组中，内侧颞叶的边界将减少， 序列中的边界会影响序列之后直接做出的跨期选择。这些研究 将揭示时间记忆和时间折扣之间的关系，以及衰老是如何 影响这些进程。该项目还将加强PI本科的研究环境- 重点机构，并为本科生提供研究机会，包括与 老年人和新方法（瞳孔测量，计算建模和功能性神经成像）。