The 3E Study: Economic and Educational Contributions to Emerging Adult Cardiometabolic Health

3E 研究：经济和教育对新兴成人心脏代谢健康的贡献

• 批准号: 10579477
• 负责人: Alison Cohen
• 金额: $ 68.32万
• 依托单位: FORDHAM UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2027-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10579477
• 关键词: Academic support; Address; Adult; Affect; Affinity; Age; Asian; Behavior; Behavioral; Binge Eating; Biological; Black race; Blood Pressure; Body mass index; COVID-19 pandemic; California; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cellular Phone; Chronic Disease; Classification; Color; Complex; Country; Data; Data Reporting; Development; Diet; Disease Outcome; Eating Disorders; Economic Factors; Economics; Education; Elderly; Employment; Enrollment; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Financial Hardship; Food; Gender; Gender Identity; Green space; Health; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Heart Diseases; High Prevalence; Hispanic; Hispanic-serving Institution; Household; Housing; Hypertension; Incidence; Income; Individual; Institution; Intervention; Joints; Latinx; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longitudinal cohort; Longitudinal cohort study; Marketing; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Modeling; Obesity; Observational Study; Outcome; Overweight; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Perception; Persons; Phase; Physical activity; Physical environment; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Race; Reduce health disparities; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Safety; Sampling; Security; Services; Shapes; Sleep; Smoking; Social Environment; Social status; Social support; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; Student recruitment; Students; Surveys; Teenagers; Time; United States; Weight; Weights and Measures; aged; cardiometabolic risk; cardiometabolism; cardiovascular health; career; college; design; diaries; disorder prevention; economic determinant; emerging adult; emerging adulthood; experience; graduate school; health determinants; health inequalities; high school; higher education; low socioeconomic status; modifiable risk; novel; person centered; population health; protective factors; racial identity; recruit; sedentary lifestyle; social culture; social health determinants; socioeconomics; stressor; undergraduate student; university student; young adult

Emerging adulthood represents a uniquely sensitive period for studying social determinants of health in the United States (US), as young people begin to establish their own paths towards higher education, careers, and financial independence. College, specifically, is a time of changing socioeconomic position (SEP) that is not often clearly captured in health research, despite strong ties between SEP and health. Over 40% of all young adults aged 18-24 are enrolled as full-time college students in the US, and they increasingly represent the diversity of the country in terms of SEP, race, and ethnicity, particularly colleges classified as Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs). (The 539 HSIs in the US serve over two-thirds of all Latinx, 40% of all Asian, and 22% of all Black college students in the US.) Despite perceptions that emerging adult college students are at the peak of health, over one-third of college students report being overweight or obese, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease outcomes among young adults has been an increasing cause of concern. This risk is exacerbated for low-SEP students, and students of color, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Therefore, emerging adult college students are a priority population to promote cardiovascular health, and reduce health disparities, before the onset of chronic disease. The proposed longitudinal research addresses these important scientific gaps by creating and studying a de novo, longitudinal cohort of 4,000 racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse young adult college students recruited as first-year students from two HSIs in California and followed over three years, including if they leave college. The study will incorporate anthropometric, institutional administrative, smartphone, behavioral, and self-reported data. The specific aims are: (1) To determine the contribution of emerging adults’ economic stressors (e.g.,income, wealth, financial stress, basic needs, residential environment, subjective social status) to cardiometabolic health outcomes (e.g., weight-related measures, blood pressure) over time; (2) To determine the contribution of educational protective factors (e.g., use of social supports, academic supports, basic needs supports) to cardiometabolic health outcomes over time; (3) examine weight-related behaviors (i.e., sleep, physical activity, diet, disordered eating, smoking) as mechanisms of associations between economic stress, educational protective factors, and cardiometabolic health. This large, diverse sample will have sufficient statistical power to examine how racialized and gendered identities may modify associations between economic and educational exposures and cardiometabolic outcomes, which will help increase understanding of the complex interplay between different social determinants of health and help inform potential interventions to reduce health disparities. Identifying risk and protective factors that could affect weight and blood pressure among diverse emerging adult college students can help inform novel interventions and support services to promote cardiometabolic health in a significant portion of the young adult population.

成年初显期是研究健康的社会决定因素的一个独特的敏感时期， 随着年轻人开始建立自己的高等教育、职业和 经济独立。具体来说，大学是一个改变社会经济地位的时期， 尽管SEP与健康之间有着密切的联系，但在健康研究中经常清楚地发现。超过40%的年轻人 在美国，18-24岁的成年人是全日制大学生，他们越来越多地代表了 国家在SEP，种族和民族方面的多样性，特别是被归类为西班牙裔服务的大学 机构（HSI）。(The美国的539个HSI为超过三分之二的拉丁裔人，40%的亚洲人和22%的 美国的黑人大学生）。尽管人们认为新兴的成人大学生正处于 健康，超过三分之一的大学生报告超重或肥胖， 青年人的心血管疾病结果已成为日益令人关切的问题。这种风险 对于低SEP学生和有色人种的学生来说，这一问题加剧了，特别是自COVID-19大流行开始以来。 因此，新兴成人大学生是促进心血管健康的优先人群， 在慢性病发作之前减少健康差距。拟议的纵向研究涉及 这些重要的科学差距，通过创建和研究一个从头开始，纵向队列的4,000种族， 种族和社会经济多样化的年轻成人大学生作为一年级学生从两个 在加州进行了为期三年的HSI，包括他们离开大学的情况。该研究将包括 人体测量、机构管理、智能手机、行为和自我报告的数据。具体目标 （1）确定新兴成年人的经济压力因素的贡献（例如，收入、财富、金融 压力、基本需求、居住环境、主观社会地位）对心脏代谢健康结果的影响 (e.g.,（2）确定教育的贡献， 保护因素（例如，利用社会支持、学术支持、基本需求支持） 随时间的健康结果;（3）检查与体重相关的行为（即，睡眠，体力活动，饮食，紊乱 饮食，吸烟）作为经济压力，教育保护因素， 心脏代谢健康这个庞大而多样化的样本将有足够的统计能力来研究如何 种族化和性别化的身份可能会改变经济和教育接触之间的联系， 心脏代谢结果，这将有助于增加对不同的心脏代谢之间复杂相互作用的理解。 健康的社会决定因素，并有助于为减少健康差距的潜在干预措施提供信息。识别风险 以及可能影响不同新兴成人大学生体重和血压的保护因素 学生可以帮助通知新的干预措施和支持服务，以促进心脏代谢健康， 占年轻人口的很大一部分。