De Novo Synthesis, and Functional and Structural Characterization of Novel Aminoglycoside Analogues to Bypass Resistance Mechanisms and Optimize Selectivity

有一个新的威胁来自多重耐药革兰氏阴性细菌病原体，具体来说， 碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科，鲍曼不动杆菌，和铜绿假单胞菌（例如， ESKAPE病原体）。由此产生的感染通常无法治疗或只能用有毒药物治疗。 抗菌剂更令人不安的是，这些感染的发生率正在增加， 频率.因此，疾病预防控制中心现在将这些微生物归类为最大的抗生素耐药性威胁 水平迫切需要新的抗感染策略。该多PI R 01申请提出了一种重新分类 药物化学设计和从头碳水化合物合成方法，当与 功能表征和冷冻EM使结构导向设计应该导致快速发现 具有抗耐药革兰氏阴性病原体活性的新型氨基糖苷类（AG）抗菌剂。 长期预期成果是：1）建立新的综合方法学， 药物化学基于SAR的氨基糖苷类化学空间的探索和2）发现 具有改进的抗耐药细菌活性的新的氨基糖苷类结构基序（例如，AME、RMT- 介导的抗性）。指导我们方法的基本假设是， 许多碳水化合物结构由于传统的合成限制而未被发现， 碳水化合物和半合成方法。相比之下，我们的完全从头合成方法使得 以立体化学选择性的方式安装更广泛的碳水化合物。的实例 将探索的结构变异是具有稀有氨基糖、直链糖和2- 脱氧链霉胺（2-DOS）取代，旨在避免已知的氨基糖苷类耐药性 机制等

There is an emerging threat from multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, specifically, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (e.g., ESKAPE pathogens). The resulting infections are often untreatable or treatable only with toxic antimicrobials. More troubling is the fact that the incidences of these infections are occurring with increasing frequency. Therefore, the CDC now categorizes such organisms in their top antibiotic resistance threat level. New anti-infective strategies are urgently needed. This multi-PI R01 application proposes a de novo medicinal chemistry design and de novo carbohydrate synthesis approach, which when coupled with functional characterization and cryo-EM enabled structure-guided design should lead to the rapid discovery of novel aminoglycoside (AG) antimicrobials with activity against resistant Gram-negative pathogens. The long-term expected outcomes are 1) the establishment of new synthetic methodology for systematic medicinal chemistry SAR-based exploration of the aminoglycoside chemical space and 2) the discovery of new aminoglycoside structural motifs with improved activity against resistant bacteria (e.g., AME, RMT- mediated resistance). The underlying hypothesis that guides our approach is the assumption that there are many carbohydrate structures that remain undiscovered due to the synthetic limitations of traditional carbohydrate and semi-synthetic approaches. In contrast, our total de novo synthetic approach enables the installation of a much broader range of carbohydrates in a stereochemically selective manner. Examples of structural variations that will be explored are aminoglycosides with rare aminosugar, linear sugar, and 2- deoxystreptamine (2-DOS) substitutions that are designed to evade known aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms.