权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Joint Impacts of Local Alcohol and Cannabis Laws and Outlet Densities on Violence

当地酒精和大麻法律以及销售点密度对暴力的共同影响

基本信息

批准号：
10623297
负责人：
Ellicott Colson Matthay
金额：
$ 24.87万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-05-17 至 2025-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10623297
关键词：
Address Affect Alcohol Laws Alcohol consumption Alcoholic Beverages Alcohols Algorithms Area California Cannabis Cannabis policy Categories Cause of Death Censuses Cessation of life Cities City Government Code Communities Community Health Complement County County Government Crime Data Set Databases Depressive disorder Disinhibition Disparity Drug Controls Drug usage Emergency department visit Epidemiologist Face Feeling suicidal Funding Geography Goals Grant Health Heterogeneity Hospitalization Individual Injury Inpatients Interpersonal Violence Joints Knowledge Laws Lead Legal Licensing Link Medical Mentors Mentorship Methods Modeling National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Oranges Outcome Pattern Pharmaceutical Preparations Play Policies Policy Maker Population Prevention Research Psychoses Quasi-experiment Recreation Reduce health disparities Regulation Reporting Research Research Training Role San Francisco Self Direction Self-Injurious Behavior Socioeconomic Status Statistical Methods Suicide attempt Techniques Training United States Universities Variant Violence alcohol effect alcohol outlet density alcohol prevention alcohol related consequences assault career community violence density design disparity reduction effectiveness evaluation epidemiology study health data low socioeconomic status marijuana legalization marijuana use outcome disparities population health pressure public policy on alcohol skills social substance use theories violence prevention

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This K99/R00 proposal examines the joint impacts of local alcohol and cannabis policies on violence in California before and after recreational cannabis legalization in 2018. Self-directed and interpersonal violence are leading causes of death and injury in the United States. Changes in alcohol and cannabis use, driven by state cannabis legalization policies, may be important but unrecognized contributors to these outcomes. Alcohol’s role in violence is well established. Evidence on cannabis’ effects on violence is limited and mixed. Cannabis legalization could lower rates of alcohol-related violence through cannabis-alcohol substitution. Existing research on cannabis legalization often focuses on state-level variation. However, most states defer to city and county governments to implement cannabis legalization policies, including determining where outlets are located. Local control results in enormous local-level heterogeneity in local policies and outlet density. High geographic density of alcohol outlets increases rates of violence; recent studies report similar patterns for cannabis outlets. In legalizing states, cannabis outlets are being disproportionately co-located with alcohol outlets in low-socioeconomic status (SES) communities. However, no studies examine if and how local alcohol and cannabis policies together contribute to intoxicant saturation (i.e., high densities of both alcohol and cannabis outlets) in low-SES communities. Further, there is no evidence on whether co-located cannabis and alcohol outlets interact to affect the health of community residents. We will perform quasi-experimental geospatial analyses of publicly-derived policy, outlet, and administrative health data to: (1) assess how alcohol and cannabis policies in 241 California cities and counties impact outlet density and geographic co-location; (2) determine the interactive effects of alcohol and cannabis outlet densities on rates of emergency department visits, inpatient hospitalizations, and deaths due to self-harm and assault throughout California; (3) evaluate how the relationships documented above contribute to disparities in alcohol and cannabis outlet co-location, densities, and effects on self-harm and assault. The research plan is complemented by an exceptional mentorship team and training plan at the University of California, San Francisco and NIAAA-funded Prevention Research Center. The plan builds on the applicant’s background in violence prevention research and includes new training in alcohol and drug use as contributors to violence, alcohol and drug control policies, and geospatial statistical methods. The combined research and training plans will prepare the applicant for a successful independent epidemiology research career focused on how to design optimal alcohol and drug policies to prevent violence and reduce health disparities. This research aligns with NIAAA’s strategic goal to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of new policies for preventing alcohol-related consequences such as violence. This research is urgently needed as other localities consider cannabis legalization and models for regulation.

项目概要/摘要该 K99/R00 提案审查了当地酒精和大麻政策对暴力的联合影响加州 2018 年休闲大麻合法化前后。自我导向暴力和人际暴力是美国死亡和受伤的主要原因。酒精和大麻使用的变化，由国家大麻合法化政策可能很重要，但对这些结果的贡献却未被认识到。酒精在暴力中的作用是众所周知的。关于大麻对暴力影响的证据有限且好坏参半。大麻合法化可以通过大麻酒精替代来降低与酒精相关的暴力发生率。现有的大麻合法化研究通常侧重于州一级的差异。然而，大多数州都遵循市县政府实施大麻合法化政策，包括确定大麻销售点位于。地方控制导致地方政策和网点密度存在巨大的地方异质性。高的酒类销售点的地理密度增加了暴力发生率；最近的研究报告了类似的模式大麻专卖店。在合法化州，大麻店与酒精店不成比例地位于同一地点低社会经济地位 (SES) 社区的网点。然而，没有研究调查当地酒精是否以及如何和大麻政策共同导致麻醉品饱和（即酒精和大麻的高密度）低社会经济地位社区的大麻店）。此外，没有证据表明大麻和大麻是否位于同一地点酒类销售点相互作用，影响社区居民的健康。我们将对公开的政策、渠道和行政管理进行准实验性地理空间分析健康数据用于：(1) 评估加州 241 个城市和县的酒精和大麻政策如何影响出口密度和地理位置； (2)确定酒精和大麻出口的交互作用急诊科就诊率、住院率以及因自残和死亡而导致的死亡的密度袭击整个加州； (3) 评估上述关系如何导致差异酒精和大麻出口的同处、密度以及对自残和攻击的影响。该研究计划得到了英国大学卓越的导师团队和培训计划的补充。加利福尼亚州、旧金山和 NIAAA 资助的预防研究中心。该计划建立在申请人的暴力预防研究背景，包括作为贡献者进行酒精和毒品使用方面的新培训暴力、酒精和毒品管制政策以及地理空间统计方法。综合研究和培训计划将使申请人为成功的独立流行病学研究生涯做好准备，重点是如何设计最佳的酒精和毒品政策以防止暴力和减少健康差距。这项研究符合 NIAAA 的战略目标，即评估新方法的有效性和实施情况防止与酒精相关的后果（例如暴力）的政策。这项研究是迫切需要的，因为其他地方正在考虑大麻合法化和监管模式。