Translational Control: Discovery and Mechanisms

安德烈·A科罗斯捷列夫 摘要 核糖体是控制基因表达的中心枢纽。它们不仅合成蛋白质， 细菌应激反应，人类神经发育和突触可塑性。了解核糖体如何 控制基因表达需要高分辨率的结构和准确的生化表征， 核糖体动力学和相互作用，在体外和复杂的细胞环境。我们是唯一 能够通过调查以下问题来应对这些关键挑战： 核糖体如何调节细菌的应激反应？在细菌中，核糖体通过 几个途径，控制转录适应压力。直接和间接的途径， 翻译与转录的偶联是有希望的抗生素靶标。我们将解剖结构和细胞 使用新的生化方法和合奏cryo-EM的机制。 核糖体如何感知功能性和功能性失调的mRNA？翻译是一个重要的途径， 在真核生物中检测有问题的mRNA，以及应激反应机制的失调导致疾病。 为了确定核糖体如何识别具有过早无义密码子的功能失调的mRNA，我们将使用 细胞，生物化学和结构（时间分辨冷冻EM）方法，以可视化核糖体相互作用， 有问题的mRNA 翻译如何调节神经发育和神经可塑性，并有助于神经系统 精神障碍神经元中的翻译调节对于神经发育、记忆巩固和 然而，翻译失调导致神经系统疾病，如肌萎缩性侧索硬化症。 突触蛋白质组-远离细胞核-由局部翻译控制，需要大脑特异性 翻译因子和辅助蛋白。阐明神经元翻译的分子机制 调控，我们将使用遗传，生化和结构的方法，包括细胞EM在ngström水平 功能性神经元的细节。

Andrei A. Korostelev ABSTRACT Ribosomes are a central hub for controlling gene expression. They not only synthesize proteins, but also regulate bacterial stress responses, human neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. Understanding how ribosomes control gene expression requires high-resolution structural and accurate biochemical characterization of ribosome dynamics and interactions, both in vitro and in complex cellular environments. We are uniquely positioned to address these key challenges by investigating the following questions: How do ribosomes regulate bacterial stress responses? In bacteria, ribosomes sense cellular stress via several pathways, which control the transcriptional adaptation to stress. The direct and indirect pathways that couple translation with transcription are promising antibiotic targets. We will dissect the structural and cellular mechanisms of using novel biochemical approaches and ensemble cryo-EM. How do ribosomes sense functional and dysfunctional mRNAs? Translation is a major pathway for sensing problematic mRNAs in eukaryotes, and dysregulation of stress-response mechanisms leads to disease. To determine how the ribosome recognizes dysfunctional mRNAs with premature nonsense codons, we will use cellular, biochemical and structural (time-resolved cryo-EM) methods to visualize ribosome interactions with problematic mRNAs. How does translation regulate neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity and contribute to neurological disorders? Translation regulation in neurons is essential for neurodevelopment, memory consolidation, and learning, whereas translation dysregulation drives neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The synaptic proteome—far from the nucleus—is controlled by local translation and requires brain-specific translation factors and auxiliary proteins. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of neuronal translation regulation, we will use genetic, biochemical, and structural approaches, including cellular EM at Ångström-level detail in functional neurons.