Impact of Historically Black Colleges and Universities on Late-life Cognition in Black Adults

历史上的黑人学院和大学对黑人成年人晚年认知的影响

• 批准号: 10624419
• 负责人: Marilyn D Thomas
• 金额: $ 12.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10624419
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; African American student; Age; Age Years; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; American; Black American; Black Populations; Black race; Blood Vessels; California; Capital; Cause of Death; Cellular Stress; Chronic stress; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Communities; Community Health; Complement; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Data Set; Death Rate; Degree Completion; Dementia; Discrimination; Disparity; Economics; Education; Education Gap; Educational Status; Elderly; Epidemiologic Methods; Epidemiologist; Exposure to; Funding; Future; Geographic Locations; Geography; Goals; Health; Health and Retirement Study; Heart Diseases; High School Student; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Impaired cognition; Incidence; Inequity; Inflammatory; Institution; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Language; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Mentorship; Metabolic; Methods; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathogenesis; Pathway interactions; Policies; Politics; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Progressive Disease; Public Health; Quasi-experiment; Race; Randomized; Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke; Reduce health disparities; Reporting; Research; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; San Francisco; Source; Stress; Structural Racism; Talents; Time; Training; Training Activity; United States; Universities; aged; aspirate; biopsychosocial; career; cognitive function; cohort; college; data harmonization; data integration; dementia risk; early life exposure; empowerment; epidemiology study; experience; health inequalities; high school; higher education; improved; insight; mind control; mortality; multidisciplinary; racial disparity; racial diversity; racism; resilience; skills; social; social determinants; success; thought control; vascular risk factor

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Black-White inequities in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) are a pressing public health problem: prevalence is almost double for Black adults aged 65-84. ADRD is a leading cause of death in the United States, affecting an estimated 5 million Americans. ADRD is a progressive disease impacting the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. Unlike heart disease and cancer, death rates from ADRD are rising. ADRD prevalence is projected to decrease for White and increase for Black adults over time. Higher education is a strong social determinant of lower ADRD risk. However, large Black-White inequities in ADRD persist at the highest levels of education. Unfortunately, most nationally representative studies on ADRD are comprised of White adults. To address this disparity, we must consider risk factors that impact Black Americans uniquely as opposed to White experiences. Though structural racism is implicated as a fundamental cause of higher education gaps, little is known about if, and to what extent, uniquely Black college experiences influence ADRD risk in Black adults, specifically Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). HBCUs are comprised of predominantly Black students (76%) and uplift Black individuals as well as Black communities through economic and cultural empowerment, increased social and political capital, and neighborhood revitalization and pride. Thus, early life exposure to HBCUs is a promising and unexplored mechanism that may improve later-life ADRD outcomes and inequities for Black adults. This K99/R00 study proposal leverages three large, well-established racially diverse national panel datasets to investigate the impact of early life exposure to HBCUs on vascular risk factors of ADRD, late-life incidence of ADRD, and all-cause mortality in Black adults; The Health and Retirement Study (HRS), Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (REGARDS), and Project Talent. We will apply quasi-experimental methods to evaluate the causal effects of (1) HBCU attendance and completion compared to a Predominantly White Institution (PWI), (2) early life HBCU proximity compared to a PWI through educational attainment, and (3) state and federal funding policy of HBCUs compared to PWIs during college-aged years. The research plan is complemented by an exceptional multidisciplinary mentorship team at the University of California San Francisco and training activities that build on the candidate’s background in racism-related research by providing new training in (1) life course determinants of ADRD, (2) data harmonization, and (3) causal effects of social and policy measures. The combined research and training plans will prepare the applicant for a successful independent epidemiology research career specializing in the study of structural racism as a social determinant of ADRD and inequities. This study aligns with NIA’s strategy for reducing health disparities and harmonizing population data. Findings from this proposal will provide critical insight into our understanding of uniquely Black college experiences as a source of cognitive resilience for Black adults. OMB No. 0925-0001/0002 (Rev. 03/2020 Approved Through 02/28/2023) Page Continuation Format Page

项目摘要/摘要 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆(ADRD)中的黑白不平等是一个紧迫的公共卫生问题 问题：65-84岁的黑人成年人的患病率几乎翻了一番。ADRD是世界上最主要的死亡原因 美国，估计有500万美国人受到影响。ADRD是一种累及各部位的进行性疾病 控制思想、记忆和语言的大脑。与心脏病和癌症不同， ADRD正在上升。随着时间的推移，预计白人的ADRD患病率将下降，黑人成年人的ADRD患病率将上升。 高等教育是降低ADRD风险的重要社会决定因素。然而，中国存在着巨大的黑白不平等现象 ADRD坚持接受最高级别的教育。不幸的是，大多数具有全国代表性的ADRD研究 是由成年白人组成的。为了解决这种差异，我们必须考虑影响黑人的风险因素 美国人是独一无二的，而不是白人。尽管结构性种族主义被认为是一个基本的 造成高等教育差距的原因，人们对黑人大学独特的经历是否以及在多大程度上知之甚少 在黑人成人中影响ADRD风险，特别是在历史上的黑人学院和大学(HBCU)。HBCU 主要由黑人学生(76%)和高尚的黑人个人以及黑人社区组成 通过经济和文化赋权，增加社会和政治资本，以及社区 振兴和自豪感。因此，早期接触HBCU是一种前景看好且未被探索的机制，它可能 改善黑人成年人晚年ADRD的结果和不平等。 这项K99/R00研究建议利用三个成熟的、种族多元化的大型国家小组数据集来 探讨早期接触HBCU对ADRD血管危险因素、老年发病率的影响 ADRD和黑人成年人的全因死亡率；健康和退休研究(HRS)，地理原因 中风研究中的种族差异(方面)，以及人才计划。我们将采用准实验法 方法评估(1)参加HBCU和完成HBCU的因果效应，并与主要 白人学院(PWI)，(2)早年HBCU通过教育程度与PWI的接近程度，以及 (3)在大学年龄阶段，HBCU与PWI相比的州和联邦资助政策。 这项研究计划得到了芝加哥大学一支出色的多学科指导团队的补充 加州、旧金山和培训活动，以候选人的种族主义相关背景为基础 通过提供以下方面的新培训进行研究：(1)ADRD的生命过程决定因素；(2)数据协调；(3) 社会和政策措施的因果效应。综合研究和培训计划将为申请者做好准备 对于成功的独立流行病学研究生涯，专门研究结构性种族主义作为 ADRD和不平等的社会决定因素。这项研究与NIA减少健康差距的战略一致 以及协调人口数据。这项提案的发现将为我们理解 将独特的黑人大学经历作为黑人成年人认知韧性的来源。 OMB编号0925-0001/0002(批准的第03/2020版至2023年2月28日)续页格式页