Hitting Close to Home: A Multi-Method Investigation of Neighborhood Characteristics and Drinking Motives on Alcohol-Related Health Disparities

切中要害：对社区特征和饮酒动机对酒精相关健康差异的多方法调查

• 批准号: 10748631
• 负责人: Chelsea Denise Mackey
• 金额: $ 4.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-16 至 2026-06-15
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10748631
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Advocate; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Attention; Behavior; Black American; Black Populations; Black race; Characteristics; Clinical; Communities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Collection; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Disparity; Environment; Environmental Impact; Etiology; Future; Goals; Health; Health Disparities Research; Home; Individual; Inequity; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Literature; Methodology; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; Motivation; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Persons; Phase; Policies; Policy Maker; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Recommendation; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Social Disorganizations; Strategic Planning; Structure; Symptoms; Techniques; Training; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Writing; alcohol consequences; alcohol misuse; alcohol outlet density; alcohol related consequences; alcohol use disorder; burden of illness; clinical practice; community-level factor; coping; density; deprivation; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking; efficacious intervention; ethnic minority; experience; health determinants; health disparity; health equity; health inequalities; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; marginalized population; neighborhood disadvantage; novel strategies; phenomenological models; policy implication; protective factors; psychological distress; psychosocial stressors; racial disparity; racial health disparity; racial minority; research data dissemination; skills; social; social stressor; substance use; theories; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Black Americans bear a disproportionately greater burden of alcohol-related health problems when compared to their White counterparts,1 representing a significant public health concern. Accordingly, eliminating health disparities and achieving health equity is one of the leading goals of the NIH Healthy People Initiative.2 Although existing research has made progress in understanding broad contributors to health inequities, existing models of substance use fail to adequately explain disparities in alcohol-related consequences among Black adults.3 One promising approach to explaining these disparities is the examination of one’s neighborhood environment and its relation to alcohol use and related consequences.4,5 Extant literature has linked specific neighborhood characteristics (e.g., alcohol outlet and liquor store density6,7 and neighborhood disadvantage5) as important contributors to alcohol use. Yet, existing research on the relationship between neighborhood context and substance use among Black adults provides conflicting evidence on which neighborhood characteristics are most important,8,9 highlighting the necessity of using novel approaches to identify salient factors within individuals’ environments that may contribute to differential alcohol-related outcomes. Moreover, more research is needed to identify mechanisms of action that associate environmental characteristics with alcohol outcomes, and drinking motives are often theorized as a potential pathway. Adults living in different neighborhoods may drink for different reasons, which may differentially influence their alcohol consumption and consequences experienced. Thus, the current proposal seeks to use both qualitative and quantitative approaches to identify neighborhood- and community-level factors that may influence alcohol outcomes among Black adults. Specific aims include (1) identifying neighborhood characteristics (e.g., neighborhood disorganization and deprivation) that serve as protective or risk factors for alcohol outcomes (i.e., alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences) among Black adults and (2) investigating the association between neighborhood characteristics and alcohol use outcomes and how alcohol motives may explain this relationship. Study findings will have important implications for future health disparities research and are crucial for the development of effective, mechanistically driven public health strategies, prevention and intervention efforts, and policy implications. The applicant will gain training in (1) understanding the etiology of and treatment approaches for race-related disparities for alcohol and substance use, (2) qualitative, quantitative, and analytical methodology, (3) scientific writing and research dissemination, and (4) community-engaged and interdisciplinary approaches. Ultimately, through the proposed research and training plan, the applicant will develop the skills and expertise necessary to make a substantive contribution to the field of racial health disparities, aligning with the applicant’s strong desire to become an independent clinical scientist addressing health inequities in the substance use field.

项目摘要/摘要 与美国黑人相比，美国黑人在与酒精相关的健康问题上承担的负担不成比例地更大 他们的白人同行，1代表一个重大的公共卫生问题。因此，消除健康 差异和实现健康公平是美国国立卫生研究院健康人倡议的主要目标之一。 现有研究在理解造成健康不平等的广泛因素、现有模型方面取得了进展 不能充分解释黑人成年人中与酒精有关的后果的差异。 解释这些差异的一个有希望的方法是检查一个人的邻里环境 以及它与酒精使用和相关后果的关系。4，5现存的文献将特定的邻居联系起来 特征(例如，酒类销售点和酒类商店密度6，7和附近的不利条件5)很重要 酒精使用的贡献者。然而，现有的关于邻里环境和社区环境之间关系的研究 黑人成年人的药物使用提供了相互矛盾的证据，表明哪些社区特征是 最重要的是，8，9强调必须使用新的方法来确定 个人的环境可能会导致与酒精相关的不同结果。此外，更多的研究 需要确定将环境特征与酒精结果相关联的行动机制， 饮酒动机通常被理论认为是一种潜在的途径。居住在不同社区的成年人可能会 饮酒的原因不同，这可能会对他们的饮酒和后果产生不同的影响 经验丰富。因此，目前的提案力求使用定性和定量方法来确定 社区和社区层面的因素可能会影响黑人成年人的饮酒结果。特定的 目标包括(1)确定邻里特征(例如，邻里混乱和剥夺) 作为酒精后果的保护性因素或风险因素(即，饮酒和与酒精有关的 结果)和(2)调查邻里特征之间的关联 酒精使用结果以及酒精动机如何解释这种关系。研究结果将会有 对未来的健康差距研究具有重要影响，并对发展有效、 机械驱动的公共卫生战略、预防和干预努力以及政策影响。这个 申请人将接受以下方面的培训：(1)了解种族相关疾病的病因和治疗方法 酒精和物质使用的差异，(2)定性、定量和分析方法，(3)科学 写作和研究传播，以及(4)社区参与和跨学科方法。最终， 通过拟议的研究和培训计划，申请者将发展必要的技能和专门知识，以 为种族健康差距领域做出实质性贡献，符合申请者的强烈愿望 成为一名独立的临床科学家，解决物质使用领域的健康不平等问题。